Question 1

Both root hairs and mycorrhizae:

Accepted Answer

A) increase the surface area for nutrient uptake. 
B) consume carbohydrates. 
C) increase the volume of soil accessible to the plant. 
D) enhance the binding of the roots to the soil. 
A) increase the surface area for nutrient uptake. 
B) consume carbohydrates. 
C) increase the volume of soil accessible to the plant. 
D) enhance the binding of the roots to the soil.

Question 2

Which of the following methods can plants use to acquire immobile nutrients (e.g., zinc) or nutrients that are not in readily accessible forms (i.e., the nitrogen in N2)?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants can introduce acid-like compounds into the soil. 
B) Plants can form symbiotic relationships with bacteria. 
C) Plants can form symbiotic relationships with fungi. 
D) Plants can decompose dead plant matter in the soil to recover nutrients. 
A) Plants can introduce acid-like compounds into the soil. 
B) Plants can form symbiotic relationships with bacteria. 
C) Plants can form symbiotic relationships with fungi. 
D) Plants can decompose dead plant matter in the soil to recover nutrients.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT the correct combination of plant tissue and function in a leaf?

Accepted Answer

A) epidermis: covering of leaf surface 
B) mesophyll: photosynthetic cells 
C) veins: vascular tissue 
D) epidermis: protection 
E) mesophyll: leaf surface 
A) epidermis: covering of leaf surface 
B) mesophyll: photosynthetic cells 
C) veins: vascular tissue 
D) epidermis: protection 
E) mesophyll: leaf surface

Question 4

Plants require a great deal of water because water is consumed in the process of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Tracheids differ from vessels in that they:

Accepted Answer

A) lack companion cells. 
B) lack pits. 
C) are formed from a single cell. 
D) store instead of transport water. 
A) lack companion cells. 
B) lack pits. 
C) are formed from a single cell. 
D) store instead of transport water.

Question 6

In the spring, you pass by a rocky outcrop that is dripping with water and covered with a carpet of short green plants. In the summer, you notice that water is no longer dripping off the rock, and the plants appear brittle and dry. In the fall, the rock is again wet, and the plants now appear soft and green. These plants are MOST likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A) angiosperms. 
B) gymnosperms. 
C) algae. 
D) lycophytes. 
E) bryophytes. 
A) angiosperms. 
B) gymnosperms. 
C) algae. 
D) lycophytes. 
E) bryophytes.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are NOT part of the shoot system?

Accepted Answer

A) leaves 
B) stems 
C) flowers 
D) roots 
E) fruits 
A) leaves 
B) stems 
C) flowers 
D) roots 
E) fruits

Question 8

If the two guard cells of a stoma increase their concentration of potassium (K+) ions, what will happen to the corresponding pore?

Accepted Answer

A) The pore will close, preventing water vapor from diffusing out of the leaf. 
B) The pore will close, preventing CO2 from diffusing out of the leaf. 
C) The pore will open, allowing CO2 to diffuse into the leaf. 
D) The pore will open, allowing water vapor to diffuse into the leaf. 
A) The pore will close, preventing water vapor from diffusing out of the leaf. 
B) The pore will close, preventing CO2 from diffusing out of the leaf. 
C) The pore will open, allowing CO2 to diffuse into the leaf. 
D) The pore will open, allowing water vapor to diffuse into the leaf.

Question 9

_____ are the structures formed by roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) Mycorrhizae 
B) Root nodules 
C) Root hairs 
D) Root caps 
A) Mycorrhizae 
B) Root nodules 
C) Root hairs 
D) Root caps

Question 10

What would happen to the cells in a leaf if roots could NOT exert selective control over the uptake of dissolved minerals from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A) They would become enriched in mineral nutrients and attract herbivores. 
B) Evaporation from the cell surfaces inside the leaf would stop and the leaf would overheat. 
C) Sodium would accumulate in the shoot to the point that cells became damaged. 
D) The roots would accumulate salts, causing the xylem to reverse flow and thereby drying out the cells in the leaf. 
A) They would become enriched in mineral nutrients and attract herbivores. 
B) Evaporation from the cell surfaces inside the leaf would stop and the leaf would overheat. 
C) Sodium would accumulate in the shoot to the point that cells became damaged. 
D) The roots would accumulate salts, causing the xylem to reverse flow and thereby drying out the cells in the leaf.

Question 11

Water flows from vessel to vessel through "pits" that contain:

Accepted Answer

A) enlarged plasmodesmata. 
B) the cell walls that separated the neighboring cells as they grew. 
C) lignified areas of the wall across which water flows. 
D) a hole that remains after all the original wall material between the cells has been digested away. 
A) enlarged plasmodesmata. 
B) the cell walls that separated the neighboring cells as they grew. 
C) lignified areas of the wall across which water flows. 
D) a hole that remains after all the original wall material between the cells has been digested away.

Question 12

Similar to bryophytes, the leaves of most angiosperms also demonstrate desiccation tolerance and can survive long periods without water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the movement of water through the xylem of vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not uni-directional (e.g., water can be transported both toward the leaves and toward the roots)but always flows from "wetter" to "drier." 
B) It depends on differences in turgor pressure in the leaves versus roots. 
C) It requires an input of metabolic energy in the form of ATP. 
D) It travels through the hollow centers of cells that lack cytoplasm and membranes. 
A) It is not uni-directional (e.g., water can be transported both toward the leaves and toward the roots)but always flows from "wetter" to "drier." 
B) It depends on differences in turgor pressure in the leaves versus roots. 
C) It requires an input of metabolic energy in the form of ATP. 
D) It travels through the hollow centers of cells that lack cytoplasm and membranes.

Question 14

Which of the following cell structures are present in mature sieve tube cells but not in mature vessel elements?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus 
B) mitochondria 
C) cell wall 
D) cytoplasm 
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A) nucleus 
B) mitochondria 
C) cell wall 
D) cytoplasm 
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a reason that mycorrhizae are particularly useful for enhancing the phosphorus uptake of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) They can neutralize phosphoric acid. 
B) Their thin cells can access regions of soil that plant roots cannot. 
C) Phosphorus moves faster through fungal cytoplasm than it can diffuse through soil water. 
D) They can release phosphorus that is bound to soils. 
A) They can neutralize phosphoric acid. 
B) Their thin cells can access regions of soil that plant roots cannot. 
C) Phosphorus moves faster through fungal cytoplasm than it can diffuse through soil water. 
D) They can release phosphorus that is bound to soils.

Question 16

Stomata are key sites of information processing because they:

Accepted Answer

A) respond to CO2 demand. 
B) respond to H2O loss. 
C) open in response to O2. 
D) open in response to light. 
A) respond to CO2 demand. 
B) respond to H2O loss. 
C) open in response to O2. 
D) open in response to light.

Question 17

Bryophytes are able to pull water from the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The tissue made up of parenchyma cells that is inside the root epidermis is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tissue made up of parenchyma cells...

Question 19

Which of the following are classified as land plants, but not as vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) gymnosperms 
B) angiosperms 
C) lycophytes 
D) liverworts 
E) algae 
A) gymnosperms 
B) angiosperms 
C) lycophytes 
D) liverworts 
E) algae

Question 20

In vascular plants, water transport works only if:

Accepted Answer

A) roots are able to generate turgor pressure. 
B) the water column is continuous between leaves and soil. 
C) the xylem has access to a constant source of ATP. 
D) xylem and phloem are in close proximity. 
A) roots are able to generate turgor pressure. 
B) the water column is continuous between leaves and soil. 
C) the xylem has access to a constant source of ATP. 
D) xylem and phloem are in close proximity.

Exam 29: Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Both root hairs and mycorrhizae:

Which of the following methods can plants use to acquire immobile nutrients (e.g., zinc) or nutrients that are not in readily accessible forms (i.e., the nitrogen in N2)?

Which of the following is NOT the correct combination of plant tissue and function in a leaf?

Plants require a great deal of water because water is consumed in the process of photosynthesis.

Tracheids differ from vessels in that they:

Which of the following is/are NOT part of the shoot system?

If the two guard cells of a stoma increase their concentration of potassium (K+) ions, what will happen to the corresponding pore?

_____ are the structures formed by roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

What would happen to the cells in a leaf if roots could NOT exert selective control over the uptake of dissolved minerals from the soil?

Water flows from vessel to vessel through "pits" that contain:

Similar to bryophytes, the leaves of most angiosperms also demonstrate desiccation tolerance and can survive long periods without water.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the movement of water through the xylem of vascular plants?

Which of the following cell structures are present in mature sieve tube cells but not in mature vessel elements?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that mycorrhizae are particularly useful for enhancing the phosphorus uptake of plants?

Stomata are key sites of information processing because they:

Bryophytes are able to pull water from the soil.

The tissue made up of parenchyma cells that is inside the root epidermis is called the _____.

Which of the following are classified as land plants, but not as vascular plants?

In vascular plants, water transport works only if:

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Which of the following methods can plants use to acquire immobile nutrients (e.g., zinc) or nutrients that are not in readily accessible forms (i.e., the nitrogen in N₂)?

If the two guard cells of a stoma increase their concentration of potassium (K⁺) ions, what will happen to the corresponding pore?