Question 1

Which of the following are NOT transported in phloem?

Accepted Answer

A) sugars 
B) amino acids 
C) hormones 
D) large starch molecules 
E) RNA 
A) sugars 
B) amino acids 
C) hormones 
D) large starch molecules 
E) RNA

Question 2

If an ancestral plant produced several hundred descendants over millions of years, a monophyletic group would contain _____ of those descendants, and a paraphyletic group would contain _____ of those descendants.

Accepted Answer

A) all; all 
B) a subset; all 
C) all; a subset 
D) none; all 
E) all; none 
A) all; all 
B) a subset; all 
C) all; a subset 
D) none; all 
E) all; none

Question 3

Plants lose a great deal of water from their leaves in a process referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) transformation. 
B) transpiration. 
C) transduction. 
D) transfection. 
A) transformation. 
B) transpiration. 
C) transduction. 
D) transfection.

Question 4

Transpiration is BEST defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A) evaporative loss of water through the stomata. 
B) movement of water in the xylem. 
C) movement of water from the air into the plant. 
D) movement of water into the stomata. 
E) evaporative loss of CO2 through the stomata. 
A) evaporative loss of water through the stomata. 
B) movement of water in the xylem. 
C) movement of water from the air into the plant. 
D) movement of water into the stomata. 
E) evaporative loss of CO2 through the stomata.

Question 5

Imagine you are comparing the nutrient content of phloem sap from three plants: one with rhizobial root nodules, one with mycorrhizae, and one with neither (bare-root). Which of the three phloem samples would you expect to have the HIGHEST phosphorus content?

Accepted Answer

A) Phloem sap from the mycorrhizae sample will have the most phosphorus. 
B) Phloem sap from the bare-root sample will have the most phosphorus. 
C) Phloem sap from the sample with root nodules will have the most phosphorus. 
D) The amount of phosphorus in the nodulated and mycorrhizal samples will be higher than in the bare-root sample. 
A) Phloem sap from the mycorrhizae sample will have the most phosphorus. 
B) Phloem sap from the bare-root sample will have the most phosphorus. 
C) Phloem sap from the sample with root nodules will have the most phosphorus. 
D) The amount of phosphorus in the nodulated and mycorrhizal samples will be higher than in the bare-root sample.

Question 6

Limits to the capacity of the _____ to store _____ can limit the rate of carbohydrate production in CAM leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) vacuole; phosphoenol pyruvate 
B) vacuole; organic acids 
C) leaf; CO2 
D) leaf; HCO3- 
A) vacuole; phosphoenol pyruvate 
B) vacuole; organic acids 
C) leaf; CO2 
D) leaf; HCO3-

Question 7

Bryophytes are widely distributed geographically, but vascular plants account for most terrestrial photosynthesis. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Bryophyte photosynthesis depends on surface water. 
B) Vascular plants can maintain the hydration of photosynthetic cells using deep soil water. 
C) Vascular plants are larger CO2 sinks than bryophytes. 
A) Bryophyte photosynthesis depends on surface water. 
B) Vascular plants can maintain the hydration of photosynthetic cells using deep soil water. 
C) Vascular plants are larger CO2 sinks than bryophytes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are TRUE of CAM photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) The Calvin cycle is active during the day. 
B) Organic acids are decarboxylated at night. 
C) Organic acids are decarboxylated in daylight. 
D) CO2 capture and fixation occur at different times. 
E) CO2 capture and fixation occur in different cells. 
A) The Calvin cycle is active during the day. 
B) Organic acids are decarboxylated at night. 
C) Organic acids are decarboxylated in daylight. 
D) CO2 capture and fixation occur at different times. 
E) CO2 capture and fixation occur in different cells.

Question 9

The ability of water to support tension in the xylem is a function of the:

Accepted Answer

A) partial negative charge on the H atoms of a water molecule. 
B) hydrogen bonds within a water molecule. 
C) hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds between the H and O atoms within a water molecule. 
A) partial negative charge on the H atoms of a water molecule. 
B) hydrogen bonds within a water molecule. 
C) hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
D) nonpolar covalent bonds between the H and O atoms within a water molecule.

Question 10

Why may young leaves that are just emerging from the bud be considered "sinks" for phloem transport?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis. 
B) They consume more carbohydrates than they produce. 
C) They do not have developed sieve tubes. 
D) The sucrose concentration is too high. 
A) They produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis. 
B) They consume more carbohydrates than they produce. 
C) They do not have developed sieve tubes. 
D) The sucrose concentration is too high.

Question 11

Where do mesophyll cells usually obtain CO2 for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) from the air spaces that surround them 
B) from the xylem 
C) from other mesophyll cells 
D) from cellular respiration 
E) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) from the air spaces that surround them 
B) from the xylem 
C) from other mesophyll cells 
D) from cellular respiration 
E) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 12

All of the following are vascular plants EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) green algae. 
B) ferns/horsetails. 
C) angiosperms. 
D) gymnosperms. 
E) lycophytes. 
A) green algae. 
B) ferns/horsetails. 
C) angiosperms. 
D) gymnosperms. 
E) lycophytes.

Question 13

C4 plants are usually _____ in shady habitats because C4 photosynthesis has _____ ATP requirements than the C3 pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) common; lower 
B) common; higher 
C) rare; lower 
D) rare; higher 
A) common; lower 
B) common; higher 
C) rare; lower 
D) rare; higher

Question 14

Vascular plants hydrate photosynthetic cells using _____, whereas bryophytes do so using _____.

Accepted Answer

A) surface water; soil water 
B) soil water; surface water 
C) xylem; phloem 
D) xylem; surface water 
A) surface water; soil water 
B) soil water; surface water 
C) xylem; phloem 
D) xylem; surface water

Question 15

Which of the following cause stomata to close?

Accepted Answer

A) abscisic acid 
B) water loss 
C) sunlight 
D) low CO2 in the leaf 
E) high leaf temperature 
A) abscisic acid 
B) water loss 
C) sunlight 
D) low CO2 in the leaf 
E) high leaf temperature

Question 16

Xylem is able to extract water from soil because it is in direct contact with the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following processes spontaneously occur without the plant having to expend metabolic energy?

Accepted Answer

A) movement of water through the xylem 
B) DNA replication 
C) the movement of ions into guard cells 
D) nutrient transport across endodermal cells 
A) movement of water through the xylem 
B) DNA replication 
C) the movement of ions into guard cells 
D) nutrient transport across endodermal cells

Question 18

At the endodermis, a thin band of hydrophobic material prevents water passage between cells called the:

Accepted Answer

A) Casparian strip. 
B) cortex. 
C) medulla. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) parenchyma. 
A) Casparian strip. 
B) cortex. 
C) medulla. 
D) plasmodesmata. 
E) parenchyma.

Question 19

Consider a plant growing in well-watered soil and high light in a small glass chamber. How will the plant respond if you exhale repeatedly into the chamber?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata will close even as photosynthesis increases 
B) stomata will close and so photosynthesis declines 
C) stomata do not respond, but photosynthesis increases 
D) stomata will open in response to O2 buildup 
A) stomata will close even as photosynthesis increases 
B) stomata will close and so photosynthesis declines 
C) stomata do not respond, but photosynthesis increases 
D) stomata will open in response to O2 buildup

Question 20

From personal experience, you may have noticed that cut flowers placed in a vase with tap water continue to be "alive" for several days. What is the most likely explanation as to why these cut flowers don't immediately wither and die?

Accepted Answer

A) The tap water in the vase is an excellent source of nitrogen. 
B) The plant can still take up water from the vase via an "evaporative pump." 
C) Cells in the flower petals continue to perform photosynthesis. 
D) Cavitation allows water to continue to be transported through the flower stems. 
A) The tap water in the vase is an excellent source of nitrogen. 
B) The plant can still take up water from the vase via an "evaporative pump." 
C) Cells in the flower petals continue to perform photosynthesis. 
D) Cavitation allows water to continue to be transported through the flower stems.

Exam 29: Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Which of the following are NOT transported in phloem?

If an ancestral plant produced several hundred descendants over millions of years, a monophyletic group would contain _____ of those descendants, and a paraphyletic group would contain _____ of those descendants.

Plants lose a great deal of water from their leaves in a process referred to as:

Transpiration is BEST defined as the:

Imagine you are comparing the nutrient content of phloem sap from three plants: one with rhizobial root nodules, one with mycorrhizae, and one with neither (bare-root). Which of the three phloem samples would you expect to have the HIGHEST phosphorus content?

Limits to the capacity of the _____ to store _____ can limit the rate of carbohydrate production in CAM leaves.

Bryophytes are widely distributed geographically, but vascular plants account for most terrestrial photosynthesis. Why?

Which of the following statements are TRUE of CAM photosynthesis?

The ability of water to support tension in the xylem is a function of the:

Why may young leaves that are just emerging from the bud be considered "sinks" for phloem transport?

Where do mesophyll cells usually obtain CO2 for photosynthesis?

All of the following are vascular plants EXCEPT:

C4 plants are usually _____ in shady habitats because C4 photosynthesis has _____ ATP requirements than the C3 pathway.

Vascular plants hydrate photosynthetic cells using _____, whereas bryophytes do so using _____.

Which of the following cause stomata to close?

Xylem is able to extract water from soil because it is in direct contact with the soil.

Which of the following processes spontaneously occur without the plant having to expend metabolic energy?

At the endodermis, a thin band of hydrophobic material prevents water passage between cells called the:

Consider a plant growing in well-watered soil and high light in a small glass chamber. How will the plant respond if you exhale repeatedly into the chamber?

From personal experience, you may have noticed that cut flowers placed in a vase with tap water continue to be "alive" for several days. What is the most likely explanation as to why these cut flowers don't immediately wither and die?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

If an ancestral plant produced several hundred descendants over millions of years, a monophyletic group would contain _ of those descendants, and a paraphyletic group would contain _ of those descendants.

Limits to the capacity of the _ to store _ can limit the rate of carbohydrate production in CAM leaves.

Where do mesophyll cells usually obtain CO₂ for photosynthesis?

C₄ plants are usually _ in shady habitats because C₄ photosynthesis has _ ATP requirements than the C₃ pathway.

Vascular plants hydrate photosynthetic cells using _, whereas bryophytes do so using _.