Question 1

Which of the following would be classified as a vascular plant?

Accepted Answer

A) a rosebush 
B) a portobello mushroom 
C) peat moss 
D) an evergreen tree 
A) a rosebush 
B) a portobello mushroom 
C) peat moss 
D) an evergreen tree

Question 2

Relative to C3 plants, the rates of photosynthetic production of CAM plants are high because they can store carbon until it is needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements about transpiration is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Transpiration is an active process, requiring ATP to pump water from the soil. 
B) Transpiration is primarily an adaptation to cool plant leaves. 
C) Transpiration sets in motion the movement of water from the roots to the leaves. 
D) Transpiration typically involves the loss of CO2 in addition to water. 
E) Plants have no way of controlling water loss to transpiration. 
A) Transpiration is an active process, requiring ATP to pump water from the soil. 
B) Transpiration is primarily an adaptation to cool plant leaves. 
C) Transpiration sets in motion the movement of water from the roots to the leaves. 
D) Transpiration typically involves the loss of CO2 in addition to water. 
E) Plants have no way of controlling water loss to transpiration.

Question 4

When the forces pulling water through the xylem are large, the risk of vessel collapse is _____ and the chance that an air bubble will be spread from one vessel to another is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) increased; decreased 
B) decreased; increased 
C) increased; increased 
D) decreased; decreased 
A) increased; decreased 
B) decreased; increased 
C) increased; increased 
D) decreased; decreased

Question 5

Bryophytes are found:

Accepted Answer

A) where roots do not provide an advantage. 
B) throughout the world. 
C) where vascular plants do not have a competitive advantage. 
D) on rocks and tree trunks. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) where roots do not provide an advantage. 
B) throughout the world. 
C) where vascular plants do not have a competitive advantage. 
D) on rocks and tree trunks. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

Consider the three soil water profiles (A, B, C )in the figure below. You would expect bryophytes instead of vascular plants to be the dominant type of plant in environments for which the soil water profile:

Accepted Answer

A) alternates temporally between B and C. 
B) varies spatially between A and C. 
C) alternates temporally between A and B.

D) is constantly C. 
A) alternates temporally between B and C. 
B) varies spatially between A and C. 
C) alternates temporally between A and B.

D) is constantly C.

Question 7

Imagine you are studying the turgor pressure at two different ends of a sieve tube. One end of the sieve tube is located within a mature leaf, and the other end is located within the roots. When comparing the turgor pressure within the sieve tube at these two locations, what would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A) The turgor pressure will be the same at the leaf and root ends. 
B) The turgor pressure will be greater at the root end. 
C) The turgor pressure will be greater at the leaf end. 
D) Turgor pressure will not exist at either location. 
A) The turgor pressure will be the same at the leaf and root ends. 
B) The turgor pressure will be greater at the root end. 
C) The turgor pressure will be greater at the leaf end. 
D) Turgor pressure will not exist at either location.

Question 8

Water transport in xylem depends on:

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules. 
B) turgor pressure accumulating in the roots. 
C) osmosis across the vessel plasma membranes. 
D) light-activated proton pumps in leaves. 
A) hydrogen bonding between H2O molecules. 
B) turgor pressure accumulating in the roots. 
C) osmosis across the vessel plasma membranes. 
D) light-activated proton pumps in leaves.

Question 9

Vascular plants store most carbohydrate reserves as:

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen. 
B) starch. 
C) sucrose. 
D) glucose. 
E) lipids. 
A) glycogen. 
B) starch. 
C) sucrose. 
D) glucose. 
E) lipids.

Question 10

Which of the following could contribute to slower plant growth in saline soils?

Accepted Answer

A) the need to pull harder to obtain water from soil containing high concentrations of salts, potentially limiting both photosynthesis and cell expansion 
B) higher rates of respiration in roots that have to use energy to exclude salts from entering the xylem 
C) higher salt concentrations in leaves, potentially shortening their life-span 
D) these choices are correct. 
A) the need to pull harder to obtain water from soil containing high concentrations of salts, potentially limiting both photosynthesis and cell expansion 
B) higher rates of respiration in roots that have to use energy to exclude salts from entering the xylem 
C) higher salt concentrations in leaves, potentially shortening their life-span 
D) these choices are correct.

Question 11

Carbohydrates are stored in the roots, but they may also be released into the surrounding soil, where they feed the microbial community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Plants that have symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide these bacteria with food in the form of carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

You may know that Ernest Shackleton was a famous explorer of Antarctica. What plants would he most likely have encountered as he traveled the Antarctic?

Accepted Answer

A) ferns and horsetails 
B) lycophytes 
C) bryophytes 
D) angiosperms 
E) gymnosperms 
A) ferns and horsetails 
B) lycophytes 
C) bryophytes 
D) angiosperms 
E) gymnosperms

Question 14

Which of the following would be considered a carbohydrate sink in vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

A) roots 
B) flowers 
C) mature leaves 
D) stems 
A) roots 
B) flowers 
C) mature leaves 
D) stems

Question 15

Gymnosperms, such as spruces, often dominate high-latitude boreal forests, whereas angiosperms dominate rainforests because tracheids:

Accepted Answer

A) are less susceptible to freezing-induced cavitation than vessels, but less efficient for moving large volumes of water. 
B) do not freeze as easily as vessels, maintaining flow to support photosynthesis at colder temperatures, which is not an advantage in the tropics. 
C) mature more quickly than vessels, allowing gymnosperms to make more efficient use of the shorter growing seasons of boreal forests. 
D) better withstand the large tensile forces required to extract water from frozen soils than vessels, but offer no advantage in warm tropical soils. 
A) are less susceptible to freezing-induced cavitation than vessels, but less efficient for moving large volumes of water. 
B) do not freeze as easily as vessels, maintaining flow to support photosynthesis at colder temperatures, which is not an advantage in the tropics. 
C) mature more quickly than vessels, allowing gymnosperms to make more efficient use of the shorter growing seasons of boreal forests. 
D) better withstand the large tensile forces required to extract water from frozen soils than vessels, but offer no advantage in warm tropical soils.

Question 16

Xylem sap and soil water differ in _____ because of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) solute composition; selective uptake by the endodermis 
B) solute composition; selective uptake by mycorrhizae 
C) solute composition; selective uptake by the epidermis 
D) pH; H+ exclusion by the endodermis 
A) solute composition; selective uptake by the endodermis 
B) solute composition; selective uptake by mycorrhizae 
C) solute composition; selective uptake by the epidermis 
D) pH; H+ exclusion by the endodermis

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the relationship of xylem and phloem?

Accepted Answer

A) Water exiting the phloem may enter the xylem and be transported to leaves. 
B) The volume of water moving through the phloem is small compared with that moving through the xylem. 
C) The number and volume of xylem conduits greatly exceeds the number and volume of sieve tubes. 
D) In phloem, the plant's metabolic activity generates the force that drives transport, whereas movement in xylem is largely driven by transpiration. 
E) Phloem cells are dead at maturity, whereas xylem cells are alive at maturity. 
A) Water exiting the phloem may enter the xylem and be transported to leaves. 
B) The volume of water moving through the phloem is small compared with that moving through the xylem. 
C) The number and volume of xylem conduits greatly exceeds the number and volume of sieve tubes. 
D) In phloem, the plant's metabolic activity generates the force that drives transport, whereas movement in xylem is largely driven by transpiration. 
E) Phloem cells are dead at maturity, whereas xylem cells are alive at maturity.

Question 18

In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle is performed in _____; CO2 is captured during the C4 cycle in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the day; the night 
B) mesophyll cells; bundle-sheath cells 
C) bundle-sheath cells; mesophyll cells 
D) the night; the day 
A) the day; the night 
B) mesophyll cells; bundle-sheath cells 
C) bundle-sheath cells; mesophyll cells 
D) the night; the day

Question 19

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Tracheids are multicellular conduits, whereas vessels are unicellular conduits. 
B) Tracheids transport water, whereas vessels transport sugars. 
C) Tracheids are short and narrow, whereas vessel elements can be much wider. 
D) Tracheids compose the xylem, and vessel elements compose the phloem. 
E) Water enters tracheids through pits, whereas water enters vessels only through spaces between the cells. 
A) Tracheids are multicellular conduits, whereas vessels are unicellular conduits. 
B) Tracheids transport water, whereas vessels transport sugars. 
C) Tracheids are short and narrow, whereas vessel elements can be much wider. 
D) Tracheids compose the xylem, and vessel elements compose the phloem. 
E) Water enters tracheids through pits, whereas water enters vessels only through spaces between the cells.

Question 20

In a sunflower population, a mutation arises that results in vessels that are 4 times wider than wild-type. The mutants will have _____ water transport capacity, but will also be _____ susceptible to cavitation from freezing

Accepted Answer

A) higher; more 
B) higher; less 
C) lower; more 
D) lower; less 
A) higher; more 
B) higher; less 
C) lower; more 
D) lower; less

Exam 29: Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Which of the following would be classified as a vascular plant?

Relative to C3 plants, the rates of photosynthetic production of CAM plants are high because they can store carbon until it is needed.

Which of the following statements about transpiration is TRUE?

When the forces pulling water through the xylem are large, the risk of vessel collapse is _____ and the chance that an air bubble will be spread from one vessel to another is _____.

Bryophytes are found:

Consider the three soil water profiles (A, B, C )in the figure below. You would expect bryophytes instead of vascular plants to be the dominant type of plant in environments for which the soil water profile:

Water transport in xylem depends on:

Vascular plants store most carbohydrate reserves as:

Which of the following could contribute to slower plant growth in saline soils?

Carbohydrates are stored in the roots, but they may also be released into the surrounding soil, where they feed the microbial community.

Plants that have symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide these bacteria with food in the form of carbohydrates.

You may know that Ernest Shackleton was a famous explorer of Antarctica. What plants would he most likely have encountered as he traveled the Antarctic?

Which of the following would be considered a carbohydrate sink in vascular plants?

Gymnosperms, such as spruces, often dominate high-latitude boreal forests, whereas angiosperms dominate rainforests because tracheids:

Xylem sap and soil water differ in _____ because of _____.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the relationship of xylem and phloem?

In C4 plants, the Calvin cycle is performed in _____; CO2 is captured during the C4 cycle in _____.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

In a sunflower population, a mutation arises that results in vessels that are 4 times wider than wild-type. The mutants will have _____ water transport capacity, but will also be _____ susceptible to cavitation from freezing

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Relative to C₃ plants, the rates of photosynthetic production of CAM plants are high because they can store carbon until it is needed.

When the forces pulling water through the xylem are large, the risk of vessel collapse is _ and the chance that an air bubble will be spread from one vessel to another is _.

Xylem sap and soil water differ in _ because of _.

In C₄ plants, the Calvin cycle is performed in _; CO₂ is captured during the C₄ cycle in _.

In a sunflower population, a mutation arises that results in vessels that are 4 times wider than wild-type. The mutants will have _ water transport capacity, but will also be _ susceptible to cavitation from freezing