Question 1

Which of the following genotypes would result in a true-breeding stock?

Accepted Answer

A) AA or Aa or aa 
B) Aa, but not AA or aa 
C) AA, but not Aa or aa 
D) aa, but not Aa or AA 
E) AA or aa, but not Aa 
A) AA or Aa or aa 
B) Aa, but not AA or aa 
C) AA, but not Aa or aa 
D) aa, but not Aa or AA 
E) AA or aa, but not Aa

Question 2

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) seems to have been the first person to point out that men who have become bald have male offspring who are born with hair, which implies that acquired characteristics are not transmitted to offspring. Now we know that hereditary pattern baldness has a characteristic age of onset, a time at which the hair falls out and baldness gradually spreads. This new knowledge means that:

Accepted Answer

A) acquired characteristics are transmitted to the offspring. 
B) pattern baldness is not an acquired trait. 
C) Aristotle was wrong: Bald males do have bald sons. 
D) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) acquired characteristics are transmitted to the offspring. 
B) pattern baldness is not an acquired trait. 
C) Aristotle was wrong: Bald males do have bald sons. 
D) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 3

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. What types and ratios of flower color are expected among the progeny of a cross of pink × white?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 red:2 pink:1 white 
B) 1 red:1 pink 
C) 1 pink:1 white 
D) all pink 
E) all white 
A) 1 red:2 pink:1 white 
B) 1 red:1 pink 
C) 1 pink:1 white 
D) all pink 
E) all white

Question 4

As a result of the principle of blending inheritance, no grey rabbits actually exist. Over time, grey fur in rabbits has been diluted to white fur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In pea plants, flowers are either white or purple; the purple color is produced by pigments called anthocyanins. The production of anthocyanins is a two-step process: the first is controlled by the C gene and the second by the P gene. Both genes must produce functional proteins for anthocyanin to be expressed. For each gene, the dominant (C and P) alleles produce functional proteins. You cross two pea plants, each with the genotype CcPp. What proportion of their offspring will have white flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) 13/16 
B) 9/16 
C) 7/16 
D) 3/4 
E) 1/4 
A) 13/16 
B) 9/16 
C) 7/16 
D) 3/4 
E) 1/4

Question 6

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. In the cross A1A2 × A2A2, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 7

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. In the cross A1A2 × A3A3, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 8

In a homozygous genotype:

Accepted Answer

A) both alleles for a given trait are the same. 
B) the two alleles for a given trait are different. 
C) the individual will be phenotypically dominant. 
D) the individual will be phenotypically recessive. 
E) both alleles for a given trait are the same, and the individual will be phenotypically dominant. 
A) both alleles for a given trait are the same. 
B) the two alleles for a given trait are different. 
C) the individual will be phenotypically dominant. 
D) the individual will be phenotypically recessive. 
E) both alleles for a given trait are the same, and the individual will be phenotypically dominant.

Question 9

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny that all have pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) CRCR × CRCW 
B) CRCR × CWCW 
C) CRCW × CRCW 
D) CRCW ×CWCW 
E) CWCW × CWCW 
A) CRCR × CRCW 
B) CRCR × CWCW 
C) CRCW × CRCW 
D) CRCW ×CWCW 
E) CWCW × CWCW

Question 10

A genotype is:

Accepted Answer

A) one of several forms of a gene. 
B) the particular combination of alleles present in a given organism. 
C) the expression of a trait in an individual. 
D) the location of a gene on a chromosome. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) one of several forms of a gene. 
B) the particular combination of alleles present in a given organism. 
C) the expression of a trait in an individual. 
D) the location of a gene on a chromosome. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 11

Two individuals with the same genotype may not express the same phenotype because gene expression is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A) other genes alone. 
B) the environment alone. 
C) a combination of genes and environment. 
D) genes alone in some people and the environment alone in other people. 
E) None of the answer options is correct 
A) other genes alone. 
B) the environment alone. 
C) a combination of genes and environment. 
D) genes alone in some people and the environment alone in other people. 
E) None of the answer options is correct

Question 12

Direct-to-consumer genetic tests:

Accepted Answer

A) can be purchased directly by consumers. 
B) involve the active intervention of medical professionals at each stage of the process, from initial submission of samples to final consultation with the consumer. 
C) may or may not be reliable. 
D) are the best way to determine whether or not an individual carries an allele associated with a specific disease. 
E) None of the answer options is correct 
A) can be purchased directly by consumers. 
B) involve the active intervention of medical professionals at each stage of the process, from initial submission of samples to final consultation with the consumer. 
C) may or may not be reliable. 
D) are the best way to determine whether or not an individual carries an allele associated with a specific disease. 
E) None of the answer options is correct

Question 13

In modern terminology, a true-breeding strain is:

Accepted Answer

A) hybrid. 
B) dominant. 
C) heterozygous. 
D) homozygous. 
A) hybrid. 
B) dominant. 
C) heterozygous. 
D) homozygous.

Question 14

In genetics, the dash symbol (-) is a "wild card" that stands for either the dominant allele or the recessive allele; for example, A- means the individual has either the genotype AA or Aa. Two genes that undergo independent assortment affect fruit color in summer squash. Each gene has two alleles, one of which is dominant for fruit color. Genotypes of the form A- B- and A- bb have white fruit, genotypes of the form aa B- have yellow fruit, and genotype aa bb has green fruit. What ratio of white : yellow : green is expected from the cross Aa Bb × Aa Bb?

Accepted Answer

A) 10:3:3 
B) 9:3:4 
C) 12:3:1 
D) 9:6:1 
A) 10:3:3 
B) 9:3:4 
C) 12:3:1 
D) 9:6:1

Question 15

Each human gene only has two different allelesF1F1F1S1F1F1F10one mutant allele and one "normal" allele.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

For a trait such as flower color in snapdragons that is determined by two alleles with incomplete dominance, the offspring of true-breeding parents show an intermediate phenotype. This is also what would be expected of blending inheritance. The difference is that the trait with:

Accepted Answer

A) Mendelian inheritance will lose the variation over time. 
B) blending inheritance will lose the variation over time. 
C) Mendelian inheritance shows no segregation in the F2 generation. 
D) blending inheritance shows segregation in the F2 generation. 
A) Mendelian inheritance will lose the variation over time. 
B) blending inheritance will lose the variation over time. 
C) Mendelian inheritance shows no segregation in the F2 generation. 
D) blending inheritance shows segregation in the F2 generation.

Question 17

Darwin believed in blending inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Genes that fail to show independent assortment are said to be linked.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The bands observed in a gel for a VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in a father (F) and mother (M) are shown in the accompanying diagram. What possible patterns of bands are expected among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A) (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
B) (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
C) (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4) 
D) (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4), (3, 4) 
A) (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
B) (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
C) (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4) 
D) (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4), (3, 4)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Mendel's work?

Accepted Answer

A) He did not use true-breeding pea strains. 
B) He provided no numerical or statistical data for any of his experiments. 
C) He focused on a subset of easily discernible traits in pea plants. 
D) His work utilized several different traits and several different strains of pea plants, some of which were not considered true-breeding. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) He did not use true-breeding pea strains. 
B) He provided no numerical or statistical data for any of his experiments. 
C) He focused on a subset of easily discernible traits in pea plants. 
D) His work utilized several different traits and several different strains of pea plants, some of which were not considered true-breeding. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Exam 16: Mendelian Inheritance

Which of the following genotypes would result in a true-breeding stock?

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. What types and ratios of flower color are expected among the progeny of a cross of pink × white?

As a result of the principle of blending inheritance, no grey rabbits actually exist. Over time, grey fur in rabbits has been diluted to white fur.

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. In the cross A1A2 × A2A2, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. In the cross A1A2 × A3A3, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

In a homozygous genotype:

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny that all have pink flowers?

A genotype is:

Two individuals with the same genotype may not express the same phenotype because gene expression is influenced by:

Direct-to-consumer genetic tests:

In modern terminology, a true-breeding strain is:

Each human gene only has two different allelesone mutant allele and one "normal" allele.

For a trait such as flower color in snapdragons that is determined by two alleles with incomplete dominance, the offspring of true-breeding parents show an intermediate phenotype. This is also what would be expected of blending inheritance. The difference is that the trait with:

Darwin believed in blending inheritance.

Genes that fail to show independent assortment are said to be linked.

The bands observed in a gel for a VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in a father (F) and mother (M) are shown in the accompanying diagram. What possible patterns of bands are expected among their offspring?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Mendel's work?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

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Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

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Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

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Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

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Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

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Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

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Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: C^RC^R plants have red flowers, C^RC^W have pink flowers, and C^WC^W plants have white flowers. What types and ratios of flower color are expected among the progeny of a cross of pink × white?

Consider a gene with four alleles A₁, A₂, A₃, and A₄. In the cross A₁A₂ × A₂A₂, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

Consider a gene with four alleles A₁, A₂, A₃, and A₄. In the cross A₁A₂ × A₃A₃, how many offspring genotypes are possible?

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: C^RC^R plants have red flowers, C^RC^W have pink flowers, and C^WC^W plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny that all have pink flowers?