Question 1

A pea plant is heterozygous (Aa) for seed color and heterozygous (Bb) for seed shape. According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment:

Accepted Answer

A) each gamete will contain either a seed-color allele or a seed-shape allele, but not both. 
B) a gamete that contains dominant allele for seed color must also contain the dominant allele for seed shape. 
C) a gamete that contains dominant allele for seed color must also contain the recessive allele for seed shape. 
D) a gamete that contains the dominant allele for seed color is equally likely to contain the dominant or the recessive allele for seed shape. 
E) possible gamete genotypes are AB or ab; each is equally likely to occur. 
A) each gamete will contain either a seed-color allele or a seed-shape allele, but not both. 
B) a gamete that contains dominant allele for seed color must also contain the dominant allele for seed shape. 
C) a gamete that contains dominant allele for seed color must also contain the recessive allele for seed shape. 
D) a gamete that contains the dominant allele for seed color is equally likely to contain the dominant or the recessive allele for seed shape. 
E) possible gamete genotypes are AB or ab; each is equally likely to occur.

Question 2

The Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel believed that organisms only passed on traits to their progenyF1F1F1S1F1F1F10he had no concept of what genes were.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Assuming that the trait represented by the filled symbols below is a rare inherited trait with complete penetrance due to a single gene with alleles A and a, what mode of inheritance does the pedigree suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) dominant 
B) recessive 
A) dominant 
B) recessive

Question 4

While doing a pedigree analysis of a royal family from the ancient Mayan empire, you notice that a prince with the genetic disease married a person from outside the royal family without a history of the disease in her family. Of their six children, two have the disease and four are not affected. The prince's mother and father also had this disease. If this disease is controlled by a single gene, then the MOST likely explanation for disease in the children would be that the disease is:

Accepted Answer

A) a spontaneous mutation. 
B) recessive and is only seen in homozygous recessive individuals such as the two affected children. 
C) dominant and is only seen in homozygous dominant individuals. 
D) dominant and is seen in heterozygous or homozygous dominant individuals. 
A) a spontaneous mutation. 
B) recessive and is only seen in homozygous recessive individuals such as the two affected children. 
C) dominant and is only seen in homozygous dominant individuals. 
D) dominant and is seen in heterozygous or homozygous dominant individuals.

Question 5

If one of the traits Mendel studied was encoded by a single gene with three alleles that produced different phenotypes, what would he have observed if he crossed all possible pairs of the three true-breeding lines in the F1 and F2 generations?

Accepted Answer

A) In each of the crosses, he would have observed two phenotypes in the F1 generation. 
B) Only a single phenotype would have been observed in the F1 generation because only one allele can be dominant. 
C) No evidence would exist for the law of segregation. 
D) No true-breeding plants would have been produced in the F2. 
E) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) In each of the crosses, he would have observed two phenotypes in the F1 generation. 
B) Only a single phenotype would have been observed in the F1 generation because only one allele can be dominant. 
C) No evidence would exist for the law of segregation. 
D) No true-breeding plants would have been produced in the F2. 
E) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 6

The ratio of white to colored chickens that occurs in the F2 generation of a cross between White Leghorn and White Wyandotte chickens is the result of incomplete dominance and variable expressivity. These are the only explanations as to why a ratio would deviate from Mendel's expected 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

With independent assortment, the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb × aa BB) can be described as 9:3:3:1 when A and B are dominant over a and b. To what phenotype does the "9" in the ratio refer?

Accepted Answer

A) recessive for both traits 
B) dominant for the A trait and recessive for the B trait 
C) dominant for one trait and recessive for the other 
D) dominant for both traits 
A) recessive for both traits 
B) dominant for the A trait and recessive for the B trait 
C) dominant for one trait and recessive for the other 
D) dominant for both traits

Question 8

An offspring affected with fetal alcohol syndrome caused by excessive consumption of alcohol by the mother is not an example of the inheritance of an acquired trait because the:

Accepted Answer

A) mother can be treated for alcoholism. 
B) child can be treated for fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C) genes for excessive alcohol consumption are already mutated in the mother. 
D) the mother's alcoholism affects the development of the fetus, not its genes. 
A) mother can be treated for alcoholism. 
B) child can be treated for fetal alcohol syndrome. 
C) genes for excessive alcohol consumption are already mutated in the mother. 
D) the mother's alcoholism affects the development of the fetus, not its genes.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT be considered an acquired trait?

Accepted Answer

A) dyed hair color 
B) eye color 
C) muscle strength 
D) leg amputation 
E) scars 
A) dyed hair color 
B) eye color 
C) muscle strength 
D) leg amputation 
E) scars

Question 10

Consider Mendel's experiments involving the trait of round versus wrinkled peas. In some experiments, Mendel removed the anthers of the flowers from a plant that was true-breeding for round peas and applied pollen from the anthers of a plant that was true-breeding for wrinkled peas. What would have happened if Mendel missed some anthers that he was trying to remove from the true-breeding round pea plants, and then counted the peas produced by a plant that bore a mix of round and wrinkled pollen? Indicate which of the following must be TRUE.

Accepted Answer

A) The F1 peas produced would have mixed phenotypes. 
B) The F1 peas produced would have a single phenotype. 
C) The F2 peas would have phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio. 
D) The F2 peas would all have the phenotype of the parental plant with the anthers not properly removed. 
E) The F1 peas would have phenotypes in a 1:1 ratio. 
A) The F1 peas produced would have mixed phenotypes. 
B) The F1 peas produced would have a single phenotype. 
C) The F2 peas would have phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio. 
D) The F2 peas would all have the phenotype of the parental plant with the anthers not properly removed. 
E) The F1 peas would have phenotypes in a 1:1 ratio.

Question 11

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 12

A testcross involves crossing with a(n) _____ individual and is used to determine the _____ of the tested parent.

Accepted Answer

A) homozygous dominant; phenotype 
B) homozygous recessive; phenotype 
C) homozygous dominant; genotype 
D) homozygous recessive; genotype 
E) F2 offspring; parental genotype 
A) homozygous dominant; phenotype 
B) homozygous recessive; phenotype 
C) homozygous dominant; genotype 
D) homozygous recessive; genotype 
E) F2 offspring; parental genotype

Question 13

A reproductive cell, or gamete, has:

Accepted Answer

A) one allele of each gene. 
B) two alleles of each gene. 
C) one allele of each gene if it is homozygous and two if it is heterozygous. 
D) one allele of each gene if it is true-breeding and two if it is an F1 offspring. 
E) between one and four alleles of each gene. 
A) one allele of each gene. 
B) two alleles of each gene. 
C) one allele of each gene if it is homozygous and two if it is heterozygous. 
D) one allele of each gene if it is true-breeding and two if it is an F1 offspring. 
E) between one and four alleles of each gene.

Question 14

Consider a gene with six alleles A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 15

The bands observed in a gel for a VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in a father (F) and mother (M) are shown in the accompanying diagram. What possible patterns of bands are expected among their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A) (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
B) (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
C) (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4) 
D) (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4), (3, 4) 
A) (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
B) (1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 4) 
C) (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4) 
D) (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4), (3, 4)

Question 16

Genes on different chromosomes _____ during meiosis. Genes that are very close together on the same chromosome are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) do not assort independently; linked 
B) assort independently; linked 
C) do not assort independently; unrelated 
D) assort independently; unrelated 
A) do not assort independently; linked 
B) assort independently; linked 
C) do not assort independently; unrelated 
D) assort independently; unrelated

Question 17

The addition rule requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) More than one outcome (such as two different genotypes resulting in black fur)can occur simultaneously in an organism. 
B) Two outcomes (such as having the genotype BB or Bb)are mutually exclusive in an organism. 
A) More than one outcome (such as two different genotypes resulting in black fur)can occur simultaneously in an organism. 
B) Two outcomes (such as having the genotype BB or Bb)are mutually exclusive in an organism.

Question 18

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny with flower colors in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink?

Accepted Answer

A) CRCR × CRCW 
B) CRCR × CWCW 
C) CRCW × CRCW 
D) CRCW ×CWCW 
E) CWCW × CWCW 
A) CRCR × CRCW 
B) CRCR × CWCW 
C) CRCW × CRCW 
D) CRCW ×CWCW 
E) CWCW × CWCW

Question 19

Based on the bands observed for the VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in the accompanying gel diagram, which of the individuals M, H, K, or L could be siblings of individual X?

Accepted Answer

A) individual M 
B) individual H 
C) individual K 
D) individual L 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) individual M 
B) individual H 
C) individual K 
D) individual L 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

For unlinked genes, the sorting of one gene pair influences the sorting of another gene pair.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Mendelian Inheritance

A pea plant is heterozygous (Aa) for seed color and heterozygous (Bb) for seed shape. According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment:

The Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel believed that organisms only passed on traits to their progenyhe had no concept of what genes were.

Assuming that the trait represented by the filled symbols below is a rare inherited trait with complete penetrance due to a single gene with alleles A and a, what mode of inheritance does the pedigree suggest?

If one of the traits Mendel studied was encoded by a single gene with three alleles that produced different phenotypes, what would he have observed if he crossed all possible pairs of the three true-breeding lines in the F1 and F2 generations?

With independent assortment, the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb × aa BB) can be described as 9:3:3:1 when A and B are dominant over a and b. To what phenotype does the "9" in the ratio refer?

An offspring affected with fetal alcohol syndrome caused by excessive consumption of alcohol by the mother is not an example of the inheritance of an acquired trait because the:

Which of the following is NOT be considered an acquired trait?

Consider a gene with four alleles A1, A2, A3, and A4. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

A testcross involves crossing with a(n) _____ individual and is used to determine the _____ of the tested parent.

A reproductive cell, or gamete, has:

Consider a gene with six alleles A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

The bands observed in a gel for a VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in a father (F) and mother (M) are shown in the accompanying diagram. What possible patterns of bands are expected among their offspring?

Genes on different chromosomes _____ during meiosis. Genes that are very close together on the same chromosome are _____.

The addition rule requires which of the following?

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: CRCR plants have red flowers, CRCW have pink flowers, and CWCW plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny with flower colors in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink?

Based on the bands observed for the VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphism in the accompanying gel diagram, which of the individuals M, H, K, or L could be siblings of individual X?

For unlinked genes, the sorting of one gene pair influences the sorting of another gene pair.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

If one of the traits Mendel studied was encoded by a single gene with three alleles that produced different phenotypes, what would he have observed if he crossed all possible pairs of the three true-breeding lines in the F₁ and F₂ generations?

With independent assortment, the ratio of phenotypes in the F₂ generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb × aa BB) can be described as 9:3:3:1 when A and B are dominant over a and b. To what phenotype does the "9" in the ratio refer?

Consider a gene with four alleles A₁, A₂, A₃, and A₄. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

A testcross involves crossing with a(n) _ individual and is used to determine the _ of the tested parent.

Consider a gene with six alleles A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, and A₆. How many distinct homozygous genotypes are possible?

Genes on different chromosomes _ during meiosis. Genes that are very close together on the same chromosome are _.

Flower color in snapdragons is due to a gene with incomplete dominance: C^RC^R plants have red flowers, C^RC^W have pink flowers, and C^WC^W plants have white flowers. Which cross is expected to yield progeny with flower colors in a ratio of 1 red:1 pink?