Question 1

Which of the following populations would you expect to have the MOST genetic diversity within the group?

Accepted Answer

A) a true-breeding stock of tomato plants 
B) the F1 generation of tomato plants from the cross of two different true-breeding stocks 
C) a stock of tomato plants that is not true-breeding 
A) a true-breeding stock of tomato plants 
B) the F1 generation of tomato plants from the cross of two different true-breeding stocks 
C) a stock of tomato plants that is not true-breeding

Question 2

True-breeding plants are typically heterozygous for most genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding phenylketonuria or PKU?

Accepted Answer

A) PKU can result from several different alleles. 
B) PKU is considered a recessive trait. 
C) Genetic testing can identify whether potential parents are heterozygous for PKU alleles. 
D) With proper screening and treatment, children with PKU can lead relatively normal lives. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) PKU can result from several different alleles. 
B) PKU is considered a recessive trait. 
C) Genetic testing can identify whether potential parents are heterozygous for PKU alleles. 
D) With proper screening and treatment, children with PKU can lead relatively normal lives. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 4

You are given two populations of true-breeding tomato plants with two simple dominant/recessive traits that sort independently. Using the multiplication rule, how many different phenotypic combinations would you expect to see in the F2 generation? In what phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) two, 3:1 
B) three, 9:6:1 
C) four, 9:3:3:1 
A) two, 3:1 
B) three, 9:6:1 
C) four, 9:3:3:1

Question 5

Consider a gene with six alleles A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6. How many distinct heterozygous genotypes are possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 12 
E) 15 
A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 12 
E) 15

Question 6

Which of the following ratios is associated with Mendel's discoveries?

Accepted Answer

A) 3:1 
B) 1:2 
C) 1:2:1 
D) 9:3:3:1 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) 3:1 
B) 1:2 
C) 1:2:1 
D) 9:3:3:1 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a trait that Mendel studied in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

A) leaf size 
B) seed color 
C) flower color 
D) plant height 
E) seed shape or texture 
A) leaf size 
B) seed color 
C) flower color 
D) plant height 
E) seed shape or texture

Question 8

Suppose that, in humans, ability to roll the tongue (R) is dominant to being unable to roll (r), and having freckles (F) is dominant to having no freckles (f). If a woman heterozygous for both traits married a man with no freckles who couldn't roll his tongue, what is the probability that they would have a freckled, tongue-rolling child?

Accepted Answer

A) 9/16 
B) 3/16 
C) 1/16 
D) 3/4 
E) 1/4 
A) 9/16 
B) 3/16 
C) 1/16 
D) 3/4 
E) 1/4

Question 9

Among the progeny of a heterozygous round (Aa) × homozygous wrinkled (aa) testcross, three seeds are chosen at random. What is the probability that all three seeds are round?

Accepted Answer

A) (1/2)3 
B) 2(1/2)3 
C) 3(1/2)3 
D) 4(1/2)3 
A) (1/2)3 
B) 2(1/2)3 
C) 3(1/2)3 
D) 4(1/2)3

Question 10

In the story of the Personal Genome Case, Claudia Gilmore had a 50-50 chance of inheriting the mutation in the BRCA1 gene because she is equally likely to inherit either of her father's BRCA1 alleles, and one of these is the mutant risk factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In 1871, Francis Galton reported experiments in which, in each of multiple generations, he transfused blood from a true-breeding strain of black rabbits into individuals of a true-breeding strain of white rabbits. Nevertheless, he reported, in each generation the kits (babies) of the white rabbits were as white as their parents. In regard to heredity, this experiment demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A) characteristics of blood are not hereditary. 
B) red blood cells (erythrocytes)have no nucleus. 
C) blood transfusions do not affect hereditary characteristics. 
D) the recipient's coat color is not affected by blood transfusions. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) characteristics of blood are not hereditary. 
B) red blood cells (erythrocytes)have no nucleus. 
C) blood transfusions do not affect hereditary characteristics. 
D) the recipient's coat color is not affected by blood transfusions. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 12

In Mendel's experiments, his parental pea plants are referred to as the F1 generation, and their progeny are referred to as the P1 generation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why was it important for Mendel to remove the anthers from pea plants in his experiments when crossing two different true-breeding pea plants?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent self-fertilization 
B) to make sure self-fertilization would occur 
C) to protect the pea plants from environmental pollen 
D) to stimulate the pea plants to ovulate 
A) to prevent self-fertilization 
B) to make sure self-fertilization would occur 
C) to protect the pea plants from environmental pollen 
D) to stimulate the pea plants to ovulate

Question 14

Imagine that blending inheritance was true, and black and white rabbits mated as in the example in the textbook. If the offspring show only half the intensity of black pigment after one generation, how many generations would be required for them to show 1/64th the intensity of black pigment?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7

Question 15

Genes that modify the expression of other genes show:

Accepted Answer

A) dominance. 
B) incomplete dominance. 
C) recessiveness. 
D) blending inheritance. 
E) epistasis. 
A) dominance. 
B) incomplete dominance. 
C) recessiveness. 
D) blending inheritance. 
E) epistasis.

Question 16

Imagine that blending inheritance was true, and black and white rabbits mated as in the example in the book. If the offspring show only half the intensity of black pigment after one generation, how many generations would be required for them to show 1/16th the intensity of black pigment?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7

Question 17

Although Gregor Mendel's work was not originally considered by his contemporaries to be groundbreaking, Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment were "rediscovered" nearly two decades after his death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The principle of independent assortment states that:

Accepted Answer

A) when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair will separate equally into gametes. 
B) when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair assort together in gametes. 
C) one set of alleles of a gene pair always assorts with the alleles of another gene pair. 
D) alleles of a gene pair assort independently of other gene pairs. 
A) when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair will separate equally into gametes. 
B) when gametes are formed, the two members of a gene pair assort together in gametes. 
C) one set of alleles of a gene pair always assorts with the alleles of another gene pair. 
D) alleles of a gene pair assort independently of other gene pairs.

Question 19

In Mendel's garden peas, each cell in a pea plant has a total of:

Accepted Answer

A) one allele for each gene. 
B) two alleles for each gene. 
C) one allele for each gene, if it is a true-breeding parent and two if it is an F1 offspring. 
D) one allele for each gene, if it has green seeds and two if it has yellow seeds. 
E) between one and four alleles for each gene. 
A) one allele for each gene. 
B) two alleles for each gene. 
C) one allele for each gene, if it is a true-breeding parent and two if it is an F1 offspring. 
D) one allele for each gene, if it has green seeds and two if it has yellow seeds. 
E) between one and four alleles for each gene.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the yellow-seed pea plants of Mendel's work?

Accepted Answer

A) Yellow-seed plants produce copious amounts of chlorophyll. 
B) Yellow-seed plants have an enzyme that breaks down chlorophyll. 
C) The yellow seed color of these plants is a recessive trait (compared to green seed color). 
D) Yellow seeds in these plants only appear in the P1 generation and never in the F1 generation. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) Yellow-seed plants produce copious amounts of chlorophyll. 
B) Yellow-seed plants have an enzyme that breaks down chlorophyll. 
C) The yellow seed color of these plants is a recessive trait (compared to green seed color). 
D) Yellow seeds in these plants only appear in the P1 generation and never in the F1 generation. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Exam 16: Mendelian Inheritance

Which of the following populations would you expect to have the MOST genetic diversity within the group?

True-breeding plants are typically heterozygous for most genes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding phenylketonuria or PKU?

You are given two populations of true-breeding tomato plants with two simple dominant/recessive traits that sort independently. Using the multiplication rule, how many different phenotypic combinations would you expect to see in the F2 generation? In what phenotypic ratio?

Consider a gene with six alleles A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6. How many distinct heterozygous genotypes are possible?

Which of the following ratios is associated with Mendel's discoveries?

Which of the following was NOT a trait that Mendel studied in pea plants?

Among the progeny of a heterozygous round (Aa) × homozygous wrinkled (aa) testcross, three seeds are chosen at random. What is the probability that all three seeds are round?

In the story of the Personal Genome Case, Claudia Gilmore had a 50-50 chance of inheriting the mutation in the BRCA1 gene because she is equally likely to inherit either of her father's BRCA1 alleles, and one of these is the mutant risk factor.

In Mendel's experiments, his parental pea plants are referred to as the F1 generation, and their progeny are referred to as the P1 generation.

Why was it important for Mendel to remove the anthers from pea plants in his experiments when crossing two different true-breeding pea plants?

Imagine that blending inheritance was true, and black and white rabbits mated as in the example in the textbook. If the offspring show only half the intensity of black pigment after one generation, how many generations would be required for them to show 1/64th the intensity of black pigment?

Genes that modify the expression of other genes show:

Imagine that blending inheritance was true, and black and white rabbits mated as in the example in the book. If the offspring show only half the intensity of black pigment after one generation, how many generations would be required for them to show 1/16th the intensity of black pigment?

Although Gregor Mendel's work was not originally considered by his contemporaries to be groundbreaking, Mendel's principles of segregation and independent assortment were "rediscovered" nearly two decades after his death.

The principle of independent assortment states that:

In Mendel's garden peas, each cell in a pea plant has a total of:

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the yellow-seed pea plants of Mendel's work?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Dna Replication and Manipulation

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

You are given two populations of true-breeding tomato plants with two simple dominant/recessive traits that sort independently. Using the multiplication rule, how many different phenotypic combinations would you expect to see in the F₂ generation? In what phenotypic ratio?

Consider a gene with six alleles A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, and A₆. How many distinct heterozygous genotypes are possible?

In Mendel's experiments, his parental pea plants are referred to as the F₁ generation, and their progeny are referred to as the P₁ generation.