Question 1

Which of the following BEST describes the way you would engineer bacterial cells to produce a human protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Use restriction enzymes to cleave both the donor DNA and the vector DNA. 
B) Use restriction enzymes to cleave the donor DNA and to shear the vector DNA into random pieces. 
C) Use restriction enzymes to cleave the vector DNA and to shear the donor DNA into random pieces. 
D) Randomly shear the donor DNA and the vector DNA. 
E) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) Use restriction enzymes to cleave both the donor DNA and the vector DNA. 
B) Use restriction enzymes to cleave the donor DNA and to shear the vector DNA into random pieces. 
C) Use restriction enzymes to cleave the vector DNA and to shear the donor DNA into random pieces. 
D) Randomly shear the donor DNA and the vector DNA. 
E) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 2

A transgenic organism is synonymous with a genetically modified organism, as both can contain recombinant DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In contrast to linear DNA replication, circular DNA replication typically:

Accepted Answer

A) has a single origin of replication. 
B) does not produce a replication bubble. 
C) occurs only at a single replication fork. 
D) does not produce Okazaki fragments. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) has a single origin of replication. 
B) does not produce a replication bubble. 
C) occurs only at a single replication fork. 
D) does not produce Okazaki fragments. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 4

DNA or RNA probes are used to:

Accepted Answer

A) determine the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand. 
B) amplify small samples of DNA by replicating them. 
C) cut large segments of DNA into smaller fragments for analysis. 
D) determine whether a particular DNA sequence is present in a sample. 
E) determine the degree of similarity between two DNA samples. 
A) determine the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand. 
B) amplify small samples of DNA by replicating them. 
C) cut large segments of DNA into smaller fragments for analysis. 
D) determine whether a particular DNA sequence is present in a sample. 
E) determine the degree of similarity between two DNA samples.

Question 5

During DNA replication in a cell, RNA primase synthesizes a primer that is complementary to the region in the sequence below shown in bold. $\text { 5'-CACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATG-3' }$
What is the primer sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-CTTTGGATGTTG-3' 
B) 5'-GTTGTAGGTTTC-3' 
C) 5'-CUUUGGAUGUUG-3' 
D) 5'-GUUGUAGGUUUC-3' 
A) 5'-CTTTGGATGTTG-3' 
B) 5'-GTTGTAGGTTTC-3' 
C) 5'-CUUUGGAUGUUG-3' 
D) 5'-GUUGUAGGUUUC-3'

Question 6

The lagging strand is the daughter strand that has its _____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
B) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
B) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following restriction enzymes produce sticky ends? (An arrow indicates the restriction site.)

Accepted Answer

A) AbsI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- CCF1F1F1S1F1F1F10TCGAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B) Eco53kl with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- GAGF1F1F1S1F1F1F10CTC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C) SspI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- AATF1F1F1S1F1F1F10ATT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D) BssKI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- F1F1F1S1F1F1F10CCCGGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E) TaiI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- ACGTF1F1F1S1F1F1F10 -3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A) AbsI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- CCF1F1F1S1F1F1F10TCGAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B) Eco53kl with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- GAGF1F1F1S1F1F1F10CTC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C) SspI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- AATF1F1F1S1F1F1F10ATT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D) BssKI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- F1F1F1S1F1F1F10CCCGGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E) TaiI with the restriction sequence 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10- ACGTF1F1F1S1F1F1F10 -3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 8

The enzyme responsible for proofreading a growing DNA strand and for replacing mismatched nucleotides is:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase II. 
D) DNA ligase. 
E) DNA replicase. 
A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase II. 
D) DNA ligase. 
E) DNA replicase.

Question 9

The name of the technique used to amplify specific sequences of DNA is:

Accepted Answer

A) electrophoresis. 
B) Southern blot. 
C) PCR. 
D) hybridization. 
E) restriction. 
A) electrophoresis. 
B) Southern blot. 
C) PCR. 
D) hybridization. 
E) restriction.

Question 10

A messenger RNA from a human gene that is 4 kb in length is used as a probe in a Southern blot to identify restriction fragments of chromosomal DNA to which the mRNA can hybridize. Restriction fragments of DNA of 4 kb and 5 kb are observed to hybridize with the mRNA probe. What could explain how a 4 kb probe can hybridize with fragments that together sum to 9 kb?

Accepted Answer

A) The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed may contain one or more introns. 
B) A restriction fragment may extend beyond the 5' end of the transcription start site. 
C) A restriction fragment may extend beyond the 3' end of the transcription stop site. 
D) The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed may contain introns, or the restriction fragments may extend beyond the 5' or 3' ends of the transcription stop site. 
E) The result must be some sort of mistake. 
A) The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed may contain one or more introns. 
B) A restriction fragment may extend beyond the 5' end of the transcription start site. 
C) A restriction fragment may extend beyond the 3' end of the transcription stop site. 
D) The gene from which the mRNA probe is transcribed may contain introns, or the restriction fragments may extend beyond the 5' or 3' ends of the transcription stop site. 
E) The result must be some sort of mistake.

Question 11

Modern methods of massively parallel sequencing include devices for detecting fluorescence or visible light as each:

Accepted Answer

A) dideoxynucleotide in turn terminates synthesis. 
B) nucleotide is released from a strand by DNase. 
C) nucleotide passes through a gel. 
D) nucleotide is incorporated during synthesis. 
A) dideoxynucleotide in turn terminates synthesis. 
B) nucleotide is released from a strand by DNase. 
C) nucleotide passes through a gel. 
D) nucleotide is incorporated during synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the strands of a newly replicated DNA molecule is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A) Both strands are made up of newly assembled nucleotides. 
B) One strand is new and the other is from the original molecule. 
C) Both strands contain some nucleotides from the original molecule. 
D) The sugar-phosphate chains are conserved and new bases are inserted between them. 
E) The base pairs are conserved and new sugar-phosphate backbones are built up on them. 
A) Both strands are made up of newly assembled nucleotides. 
B) One strand is new and the other is from the original molecule. 
C) Both strands contain some nucleotides from the original molecule. 
D) The sugar-phosphate chains are conserved and new bases are inserted between them. 
E) The base pairs are conserved and new sugar-phosphate backbones are built up on them.

Question 13

Failure to recover a specific band in a gel made after PCR can be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A) inappropriate annealing temperature for used primers. 
B) inappropriate design of primers. 
C) inappropriate numbers of cycles for amplification. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) inappropriate annealing temperature for used primers. 
B) inappropriate design of primers. 
C) inappropriate numbers of cycles for amplification. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

In circular DNA, the DNA molecule is not shortened during replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The genome of Streptomyces coelicolor has a high CG content; about 72% of base pairs are GC. Compared with a sequence with 50% G and C, how would the high GC content of S. coelicolor affect the number of fragments obtained by digestion of its DNA with the restriction enzyme DraI (restriction site 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-TTTAAA-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 )?

Accepted Answer

A) more than would be expected from a random sequence 
B) less than would be expected from a random sequence 
C) approximately the same number that would be expected from a random sequence 
D) It is not possible to determine from the information provided. 
A) more than would be expected from a random sequence 
B) less than would be expected from a random sequence 
C) approximately the same number that would be expected from a random sequence 
D) It is not possible to determine from the information provided.

Question 16

Each DNA parent strand within a replication bubble acts as a template strand that produces:

Accepted Answer

A) either a leading strand or a lagging strand. 
B) two leading strands or two lagging strands. 
C) one leading strand and one lagging strand. 
D) only leading strands. 
E) only lagging strands. 
A) either a leading strand or a lagging strand. 
B) two leading strands or two lagging strands. 
C) one leading strand and one lagging strand. 
D) only leading strands. 
E) only lagging strands.

Question 17

Production of a recombinant DNA molecule makes use of which of the following properties of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Complementary single-stranded nucleic acid sequences can come together to form a duplex molecule. 
B) Duplex nucleic acid molecules can be separated by size by means of electrophoresis. 
C) A restriction enzyme cleaves duplex DNA molecules only at the positions of certain short sequences constituting the enzyme's restrictions site. 
D) DNA polymerase elongates a growing DNA strand by the addition of successive deoxynuclotides to the 3' end. 
E) DNA ligase is an enzyme that can join the ends of single-stranded DNA molecules. 
A) Complementary single-stranded nucleic acid sequences can come together to form a duplex molecule. 
B) Duplex nucleic acid molecules can be separated by size by means of electrophoresis. 
C) A restriction enzyme cleaves duplex DNA molecules only at the positions of certain short sequences constituting the enzyme's restrictions site. 
D) DNA polymerase elongates a growing DNA strand by the addition of successive deoxynuclotides to the 3' end. 
E) DNA ligase is an enzyme that can join the ends of single-stranded DNA molecules.

Question 18

Restriction enzymes cleave double-stranded DNA at the sites that show a particular type of symmetry: These sequences read the same on both strands and are called palindromes. Which of the following sequences is NOT a palindrome?

Accepted Answer

A) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AGATCT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CGGCCG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GGTACC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CCTGCAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CCTCAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-AGATCT-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CGGCCG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GGTACC-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CCTGCAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-CCTCAGG-3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 19

You are interested in studying human ß-globin and decide to produce the protein in bacterial cells. The ß-globin gene is a relatively simple gene with a single intron. You insert the entire gene, including the gene's promoter, in a plasmid and transform the recombinant plasmid into E. coli. You are disappointed to discover that your bacterial culture does not produce the correct protein. What are some possible explanations?

Accepted Answer

A) The bacterial cell is missing RNA polymerase. 
B) The bacterial cell cannot splice introns. 
C) The bacterial cell does not recognize the eukaryote promoter. 
D) The bacterial cell produces the protein but it is rapidly degraded. 
A) The bacterial cell is missing RNA polymerase. 
B) The bacterial cell cannot splice introns. 
C) The bacterial cell does not recognize the eukaryote promoter. 
D) The bacterial cell produces the protein but it is rapidly degraded.

Question 20

In DNA replication, each individual parent strand acts as a _____ strand for the synthesis of a _____ strand.

Accepted Answer

A) template; duplicate 
B) duplicate; daughter 
C) daughter; template 
D) template; daughter 
E) daughter; duplicate 
A) template; duplicate 
B) duplicate; daughter 
C) daughter; template 
D) template; daughter 
E) daughter; duplicate

Exam 12: Dna Replication and Manipulation

Which of the following BEST describes the way you would engineer bacterial cells to produce a human protein?

A transgenic organism is synonymous with a genetically modified organism, as both can contain recombinant DNA.

In contrast to linear DNA replication, circular DNA replication typically:

DNA or RNA probes are used to:

During DNA replication in a cell, RNA primase synthesizes a primer that is complementary to the region in the sequence below shown in bold. 5’-CACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATG-3’ \text { 5'-CACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATG-3' } 5’-CACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATG-3’ What is the primer sequence?

The lagging strand is the daughter strand that has its _____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _____.

Which of the following restriction enzymes produce sticky ends? (An arrow indicates the restriction site.)

The enzyme responsible for proofreading a growing DNA strand and for replacing mismatched nucleotides is:

The name of the technique used to amplify specific sequences of DNA is:

Modern methods of massively parallel sequencing include devices for detecting fluorescence or visible light as each:

Which of the following statements about the strands of a newly replicated DNA molecule is CORRECT?

Failure to recover a specific band in a gel made after PCR can be attributed to:

In circular DNA, the DNA molecule is not shortened during replication.

Each DNA parent strand within a replication bubble acts as a template strand that produces:

Production of a recombinant DNA molecule makes use of which of the following properties of DNA?

Restriction enzymes cleave double-stranded DNA at the sites that show a particular type of symmetry: These sequences read the same on both strands and are called palindromes. Which of the following sequences is NOT a palindrome?

In DNA replication, each individual parent strand acts as a _____ strand for the synthesis of a _____ strand.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

During DNA replication in a cell, RNA primase synthesizes a primer that is complementary to the region in the sequence below shown in bold. $\text { 5'-CACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATG-3' }$ What is the primer sequence?

The lagging strand is the daughter strand that has its _ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _.

In DNA replication, each individual parent strand acts as a _ strand for the synthesis of a _ strand.