Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

A) a human infected with the virus Hepatitis-C who expresses viral proteins 
B) a patient who has received a kidney transplant from a close relative 
C) a bacteria population in which a mutation conferring antibiotic resistance spontaneously arose 
D) fish that "glow in the dark" by expressing fluorescent jellyfish proteins 
E) a patient who has received a heart valve from a pig 
A) a human infected with the virus Hepatitis-C who expresses viral proteins 
B) a patient who has received a kidney transplant from a close relative 
C) a bacteria population in which a mutation conferring antibiotic resistance spontaneously arose 
D) fish that "glow in the dark" by expressing fluorescent jellyfish proteins 
E) a patient who has received a heart valve from a pig

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding chromosome replication in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) During chromosome replication, multiple origins of replication form for all DNA in a cell. 
B) Replication bubbles remain distinct, isolated structures during chromosome replication and never fuse with one another. 
C) In humans, it takes several days to replicate an entire chromosome. 
D) Replication begins at one end of the chromosome and proceeds until it reaches the opposite end. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) During chromosome replication, multiple origins of replication form for all DNA in a cell. 
B) Replication bubbles remain distinct, isolated structures during chromosome replication and never fuse with one another. 
C) In humans, it takes several days to replicate an entire chromosome. 
D) Replication begins at one end of the chromosome and proceeds until it reaches the opposite end. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 3

The "$1000" genome is a catchphrase that describes a goal of reducing sequencing costs by a factor of:

Accepted Answer

A) ten. 
B) a hundred. 
C) a thousand. 
D) a million. 
E) a billon. 
A) ten. 
B) a hundred. 
C) a thousand. 
D) a million. 
E) a billon.

Question 4

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA by means of repeated rounds of DNA replication. This means that the ends of the amplified fragments become shorter with each round of replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Each end of a eukaryotic chromosome is capped by a repeating DNA sequence called the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each end of a eukaryotic chromosome is...

Question 6

The leading strand is the daughter strand that has its _____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
B) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
B) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
C) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; in a series of segments 
D) 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10; continuously 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 7

As additional evidence that U238 has an unusual mode of DNA replication, you conduct still another Meselson-Stahl type experiment, again allowing the virus to replicate in the presence of "heavy" nitrogen until both strands of its genome are "heavy." This time you allow U238 to undergo three complete rounds of replication in the presence of "light" nitrogen. What ratio of "heavy" to "light" viral DNA would you expect to find after three complete rounds of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) 1:7 
B) 2:6 
C) 4:4 
D) 6:2 
E) 7:1 
A) 1:7 
B) 2:6 
C) 4:4 
D) 6:2 
E) 7:1

Question 8

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) to synthesize a strand of DNA using DNA as a template 
B) to synthesize a strand of DNA using a polypeptide as a template 
C) to synthesize a strand of mRNA using DNA as a template 
D) to synthesize a strand of mRNA using mRNA as a template 
E) to synthesize a polypeptide using DNA as a template 
A) to synthesize a strand of DNA using DNA as a template 
B) to synthesize a strand of DNA using a polypeptide as a template 
C) to synthesize a strand of mRNA using DNA as a template 
D) to synthesize a strand of mRNA using mRNA as a template 
E) to synthesize a polypeptide using DNA as a template

Question 9

In a long DNA molecule, each origin of replication produces a _____ with a _____ on each side.

Accepted Answer

A) replication bubble; replication fork 
B) replication fork; replication bubble 
C) replication bubble; DNA ligase 
D) replication fork; DNA ligase 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) replication bubble; replication fork 
B) replication fork; replication bubble 
C) replication bubble; DNA ligase 
D) replication fork; DNA ligase 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 10

A graduate student wants to create a recombinant DNA molecule and introduce this molecule into bacteria. What is the CORRECT order of steps that he should follow?

Accepted Answer

A) choose plasmid/donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments via DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
B) choose plasmid F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 introduce donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
C) join plasmid and donor DNA using DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
D) transform bacteria F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 choose plasmid/donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase 
E) cut plasmid/donor DNA with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isolate donor DNA/plasmid F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase 
A) choose plasmid/donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments via DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
B) choose plasmid F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 introduce donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
C) join plasmid and donor DNA using DNA ligase F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 cut with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria 
D) transform bacteria F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 choose plasmid/donor DNA F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase 
E) cut plasmid/donor DNA with restriction enzymes F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 transform bacteria F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 isolate donor DNA/plasmid F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 join fragments with DNA ligase

Question 11

In replication of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, one end of each strand becomes shorter in each round of replication. This happens because:

Accepted Answer

A) each replicated DNA strand requires an RNA primer. 
B) the RNA primer cannot be replaced at the very end of a DNA strand. 
C) DNA polymerase elongates a growing DNA strand at only the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
D) All of these choices are correct. 
A) each replicated DNA strand requires an RNA primer. 
B) the RNA primer cannot be replaced at the very end of a DNA strand. 
C) DNA polymerase elongates a growing DNA strand at only the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end. 
D) All of these choices are correct.

Question 12

_____ requires both a template and a free 3' end to elongate a nucleotide chain.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA primase 
B) Helicase 
C) Topoisomerase II 
D) DNA polymerase 
A) RNA primase 
B) Helicase 
C) Topoisomerase II 
D) DNA polymerase

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding telomeres?

Accepted Answer

A) Telomeres are enzymes that repair telomerases (which cap the end of linear chromosomes). 
B) Telomeres contain nonessential genes that are not necessary for cell survival. 
C) Telomeres are typically only a few base pairs in size. 
D) Telomeres can contain repeated base sequences. 
E) Telomeres are repaired to the same extent in germ cells and somatic cells. 
A) Telomeres are enzymes that repair telomerases (which cap the end of linear chromosomes). 
B) Telomeres contain nonessential genes that are not necessary for cell survival. 
C) Telomeres are typically only a few base pairs in size. 
D) Telomeres can contain repeated base sequences. 
E) Telomeres are repaired to the same extent in germ cells and somatic cells.

Question 14

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to generate:

Accepted Answer

A) single copies of whole chromosomes. 
B) multiple copies of whole chromosomes. 
C) a single copy of a targeted region of DNA. 
D) multiple copies of a targeted region of DNA. 
E) multiple copies of whole chromosomes and a targeted region of DNA. 
A) single copies of whole chromosomes. 
B) multiple copies of whole chromosomes. 
C) a single copy of a targeted region of DNA. 
D) multiple copies of a targeted region of DNA. 
E) multiple copies of whole chromosomes and a targeted region of DNA.

Question 15

The point at which DNA synthesis is initiated is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) primer. 
B) primase. 
C) start codon. 
D) replication fork. 
E) origin of replication. 
A) primer. 
B) primase. 
C) start codon. 
D) replication fork. 
E) origin of replication.

Question 16

Examples of transgenic organisms include:

Accepted Answer

A) crop plants engineered to resist insect pests. 
B) rice enriched with vitamin A. 
C) sheep that produce a human protein in their milk that is used to treat emphysema. 
D) laboratory mice that develop heart disease and diabetes. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) crop plants engineered to resist insect pests. 
B) rice enriched with vitamin A. 
C) sheep that produce a human protein in their milk that is used to treat emphysema. 
D) laboratory mice that develop heart disease and diabetes. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

You are interested in cloning a fragment from the genome of an organism where the G+C content of the sequence is 50%. The gene you wish to study is 2 kb (kilobase, each kb is 1000 bases) in length and does not include cleavage sites for any of the restriction enzymes below. For convenience in later experimental procedures, you want the average size of the fragments produced by the restriction enzyme to be approximately 4 kb. Which of the following restriction enzyme(s) would you choose to digest your genomic DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) AluI 
B) EcoRI 
C) NotI 
D) Swa-I 
A) AluI 
B) EcoRI 
C) NotI 
D) Swa-I

Question 18

Consider the restriction enzymes below. What type of DNA ends would they produce (5' overhangs, 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhangs, or no overhangs)?

Accepted Answer

A) Alu1: no overhang; BAM HI: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang 
B) Alu1: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; BAM HI: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI : 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang 
C) Alu1: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; BAM HI: no overhang; KpnI : no overhang 
D) Alu1: no overhang; BAM HI: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI : 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang 
A) Alu1: no overhang; BAM HI: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang 
B) Alu1: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; BAM HI: 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI : 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang 
C) Alu1: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; BAM HI: no overhang; KpnI : no overhang 
D) Alu1: no overhang; BAM HI: 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang; KpnI : 5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 overhang

Question 19

The semiconservative model of DNA replication means that each DNA strand consists of some newly synthesized DNA and some parental DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The first step of PCR is called annealing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Dna Replication and Manipulation

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding chromosome replication in eukaryotes?

The "$1000" genome is a catchphrase that describes a goal of reducing sequencing costs by a factor of:

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA by means of repeated rounds of DNA replication. This means that the ends of the amplified fragments become shorter with each round of replication.

Each end of a eukaryotic chromosome is capped by a repeating DNA sequence called the _____.

The leading strand is the daughter strand that has its _____ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _____.

What is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?

In a long DNA molecule, each origin of replication produces a _____ with a _____ on each side.

A graduate student wants to create a recombinant DNA molecule and introduce this molecule into bacteria. What is the CORRECT order of steps that he should follow?

In replication of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule, one end of each strand becomes shorter in each round of replication. This happens because:

_____ requires both a template and a free 3' end to elongate a nucleotide chain.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding telomeres?

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to generate:

The point at which DNA synthesis is initiated is called the:

Examples of transgenic organisms include:

Consider the restriction enzymes below. What type of DNA ends would they produce (5' overhangs, 3 overhangs, or no overhangs)?

The semiconservative model of DNA replication means that each DNA strand consists of some newly synthesized DNA and some parental DNA.

The first step of PCR is called annealing.

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

The leading strand is the daughter strand that has its _ end pointed toward the replication fork and is therefore synthesized _.

In a long DNA molecule, each origin of replication produces a _ with a _ on each side.