Question 1

Why is DNA ligase important for a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) It joins Okazaki fragments. 
B) It relieves the stress of DNA unwinding. 
C) It joins DNA together from different origins of replication. 
D) It unwinds DNA. 
A) It joins Okazaki fragments. 
B) It relieves the stress of DNA unwinding. 
C) It joins DNA together from different origins of replication. 
D) It unwinds DNA.

Question 2

_____ is the first enzyme to synthesize a nucleic acid at a replication fork.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA primase 
B) Helicase 
C) Topoisomerase II 
D) DNA polymerase 
A) RNA primase 
B) Helicase 
C) Topoisomerase II 
D) DNA polymerase

Question 3

Given that a chromosome is 60,000,000 bases in length, and DNA polymerase functions at a rate of 50 base pairs per second, what is the minimum number of origins of replication required on that chromosome to allow replication to complete if S phase lasts for 5.5 hours?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) about 30 
C) about 300 
D) about 3000 
E) about 30,000 
A) one 
B) about 30 
C) about 300 
D) about 3000 
E) about 30,000

Question 4

An organism is found in which the template RNA sequence in the telomerase is   5'-CCAUAA-3'.
 What is the DNA sequence of the organism's telomeres?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 \text { ' }-\ldots \text { CCAUAACCAUAA } \ldots-5 \text { ' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGUAUUGGUAUU } \ldots-3 \text { ' }
\end{array}$ 
B)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 ^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGUAUUGGUAUU } \ldots-5 \text { ' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { CCAUAACCAUAA } . . .-3 \text { ' }
\end{array}$ 
C)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 \text { '-... CCAUAACCATAA...-5' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGTATTGGTATT ...-3' }
\end{array}$ 
D)  $\text { 3'-...GGTATTGGTATT...-5' }$
$\text { 5'-... ???????????A...-3' }$ 
A)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 \text { ' }-\ldots \text { CCAUAACCAUAA } \ldots-5 \text { ' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGUAUUGGUAUU } \ldots-3 \text { ' }
\end{array}$ 
B)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 ^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGUAUUGGUAUU } \ldots-5 \text { ' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { CCAUAACCAUAA } . . .-3 \text { ' }
\end{array}$ 
C)  $\begin{array}{l}
3 \text { '-... CCAUAACCATAA...-5' } \
5^{\prime}-\ldots \text { GGTATTGGTATT ...-3' }
\end{array}$ 
D)  $\text { 3'-...GGTATTGGTATT...-5' }$
$\text { 5'-... ???????????A...-3' }$

Question 5

Restriction enzymes are an essential component of PCR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

During the process of PCR, what plays the role in the test tube that helicase plays in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) dNTPs 
B) heat 
C) polymerase 
D) oligonucleotides 
A) dNTPs 
B) heat 
C) polymerase 
D) oligonucleotides

Question 7

To cells that are defective in primer removal, you add fluorescent ribonucleotides when the cells are undergoing DNA replication. In this case, you observe that one strand glows more than the other not only near the replication fork but also at intervals along its length. Which strand glows in this way and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The leading strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously. 
B) The leading strand glows in this way because its RNA primers are widely spaced. 
C) The lagging strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously. 
D) The lagging strand glows in this way because its RNA primers are closely spaced. 
A) The leading strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously. 
B) The leading strand glows in this way because its RNA primers are widely spaced. 
C) The lagging strand glows in this way because it is synthesized continuously. 
D) The lagging strand glows in this way because its RNA primers are closely spaced.

Question 8

The enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication is:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase II. 
D) DNA ligase. 
E) DNA replicase. 
A) DNA polymerase. 
B) helicase. 
C) topoisomerase II. 
D) DNA ligase. 
E) DNA replicase.

Question 9

Given the actions listed below, which are all involved in PCR, select the answer that places them in the CORRECT order. extension
Initiation
Denaturation
Termination
Annealing

Accepted Answer

A) initiation, extension, termination 
B) denaturation, annealing, extension 
C) denaturation, extension, termination 
D) initiation, denaturation, extension 
E) annealing, initiation, termination 
A) initiation, extension, termination 
B) denaturation, annealing, extension 
C) denaturation, extension, termination 
D) initiation, denaturation, extension 
E) annealing, initiation, termination

Question 10

The size of the yeast genome is 1.2 × 10 7 and the GC content is 38%. Approximately how many EcoR1 restriction fragments would you expect to get from cutting the yeast genome with EcoR1?

Accepted Answer

A) 4000 
B) 1000 
C) 1 × 106 
D) 500 
E) 40,000 
A) 4000 
B) 1000 
C) 1 × 106 
D) 500 
E) 40,000

Question 11

The extrachromosomal DNA often found in bacteria is called a:

Accepted Answer

A) vector. 
B) plasmid. 
C) telomere. 
D) restriction enzyme. 
A) vector. 
B) plasmid. 
C) telomere. 
D) restriction enzyme.

Question 12

DNA renaturation (hybridization) can be used to:

Accepted Answer

A) determine the degree of similarity between two DNA samples. 
B) cleave long fragments of DNA into smaller fragments for analysis. 
C) amplify small samples of DNA by replicating them. 
D) determine the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct. 
A) determine the degree of similarity between two DNA samples. 
B) cleave long fragments of DNA into smaller fragments for analysis. 
C) amplify small samples of DNA by replicating them. 
D) determine the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand. 
E) None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 13

What is the name of the enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase 
B) DNA ligase 
C) primase 
D) helicase 
E) topoisomerase 
A) DNA polymerase 
B) DNA ligase 
C) primase 
D) helicase 
E) topoisomerase

Question 14

If you were to use CRISPR to cleave DNA at sites flanking a gene, and in this way produce a deletion of the gene, how many CRISPR RNAs would you need?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a transgenic organism?

Accepted Answer

A) a bacterium that has received genes by conjugation 
B) a human given a blood-clotting factor produced in bacterial cells 
C) a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell 
D) a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes 
E) a human treated with insulin produced by bacteria 
A) a bacterium that has received genes by conjugation 
B) a human given a blood-clotting factor produced in bacterial cells 
C) a fern grown in cell culture from a single fern root cell 
D) a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes 
E) a human treated with insulin produced by bacteria

Question 16

In recombinant DNA experiments, _____ is used to cut pieces of DNA, and _____ joins these segments to form recombinant DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) a restriction enzyme; DNA ligase 
B) a RNA polymerase; a restriction enzyme 
C) a DNA polymerase; DNA ligase 
D) DNA ligase; a restriction enzyme 
E) DNA ligase; a plasmid 
A) a restriction enzyme; DNA ligase 
B) a RNA polymerase; a restriction enzyme 
C) a DNA polymerase; DNA ligase 
D) DNA ligase; a restriction enzyme 
E) DNA ligase; a plasmid

Question 17

Suppose you add fluorescent ribonucleotides to a cell undergoing DNA replication so that the RNA primers used in DNA synthesis glow when viewed with a fluorescent microscope. You notice that, near each replication fork, one strand glows more than the other. Which strand is it that glows more, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The leading strand glows more because it is elongated nearest the replication fork. 
B) The leading strand glows more because it forms the "trombone loop." 
C) The lagging strand glows more because its RNA primer is nearer the replication fork. 
D) The lagging strand glows more because it forms the "trombone loop." 
A) The leading strand glows more because it is elongated nearest the replication fork. 
B) The leading strand glows more because it forms the "trombone loop." 
C) The lagging strand glows more because its RNA primer is nearer the replication fork. 
D) The lagging strand glows more because it forms the "trombone loop."

Question 18

Okazaki fragments are ligated into a continuous DNA molecule after replication is completed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is the FIRST to bind to the DNA sequences at the origin of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase 
B) DNA helicase 
C) DNA primase 
D) single-strand binding protein 
E) DNA ligase 
A) DNA polymerase 
B) DNA helicase 
C) DNA primase 
D) single-strand binding protein 
E) DNA ligase

Question 20

During PCR, where does the energy come from that adds the nucleotide to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

A) Taq polymerase 
B) the primers 
C) the elevated temperature of the PCR reaction 
D) the incoming nucleotides 
E) ATP 
A) Taq polymerase 
B) the primers 
C) the elevated temperature of the PCR reaction 
D) the incoming nucleotides 
E) ATP

Exam 12: Dna Replication and Manipulation

Why is DNA ligase important for a cell?

_____ is the first enzyme to synthesize a nucleic acid at a replication fork.

Given that a chromosome is 60,000,000 bases in length, and DNA polymerase functions at a rate of 50 base pairs per second, what is the minimum number of origins of replication required on that chromosome to allow replication to complete if S phase lasts for 5.5 hours?

An organism is found in which the template RNA sequence in the telomerase is 5'-CCAUAA-3'. What is the DNA sequence of the organism's telomeres?

Restriction enzymes are an essential component of PCR.

During the process of PCR, what plays the role in the test tube that helicase plays in the cell?

The enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication is:

Given the actions listed below, which are all involved in PCR, select the answer that places them in the CORRECT order. extension Initiation Denaturation Termination Annealing

The size of the yeast genome is 1.2 × 10 7 and the GC content is 38%. Approximately how many EcoR1 restriction fragments would you expect to get from cutting the yeast genome with EcoR1?

The extrachromosomal DNA often found in bacteria is called a:

DNA renaturation (hybridization) can be used to:

What is the name of the enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA during replication?

If you were to use CRISPR to cleave DNA at sites flanking a gene, and in this way produce a deletion of the gene, how many CRISPR RNAs would you need?

Which of the following is considered a transgenic organism?

In recombinant DNA experiments, _____ is used to cut pieces of DNA, and _____ joins these segments to form recombinant DNA.

Okazaki fragments are ligated into a continuous DNA molecule after replication is completed.

Which of the following enzymes is the FIRST to bind to the DNA sequences at the origin of replication?

During PCR, where does the energy come from that adds the nucleotide to the growing DNA strand?

Life: Chemical, Cellular, and Evolutionary Foundations

The Molecules of Life

Nucleic Acids and Transcription

Translation and Protein Structure

Organizing Principles: Lipids, Membranes, and Cell Compartments

Making Life Work: Capturing and Using Energy

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy From Carbohydrates and Other Fuel Molecules

Photosynthesis: Using Sunlight to Build Carbohydrates

Cell Signaling

Cell and Tissue Architecture: Cytoskeleton, Cell Junctions, and Extracellular Matrix

Cell Division: Variations, Regulation, and Cancer

Genomes

Mutation and Dna Repair

Genetic Variation

Mendelian Inheritance

Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes, Linked Genes, and Organelles

The Genetic and Environmental Basis of Complex Traits

Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation

Genes and Development

Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

Species and Speciation

Evolutionary Patterns: Phylogeny and Fossils

Human Origins and Evolution

Cycling Carbon

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells: Origins and Diversity

Being Multicellular

Plant Structure and Function: Moving Photosynthesis Onto Land

Plant Reproduction: Finding Mates and Dispersing Young

Plant Growth and Development

Plant Defense: Keeping the World Green

Plant Diversity

Fungi: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Animal Movement: Muscles and Skeletons

Animal Endocrine Systems

Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Animal Reproduction and Development

Animal Immune Systems

Animal Diversity

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Species Interactions, Communities, and Ecosystems

Biomes and Global Ecology

The Anthropocene: Humans As a Planetary Force

Filters

The size of the yeast genome is 1.2 × 10⁷ and the GC content is 38%. Approximately how many EcoR1 restriction fragments would you expect to get from cutting the yeast genome with EcoR1?

In recombinant DNA experiments, _ is used to cut pieces of DNA, and _ joins these segments to form recombinant DNA.