Question 1

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) omnivore - eats both producers and consumers 
B) herbivore - eats producers and performs photosynthesis 
C) detritivore - feeds on decomposing organic matter 
D) autotroph - performs photosynthesis or chemosynthesis 
E) carnivore - feeds on other consumers 
A) omnivore - eats both producers and consumers 
B) herbivore - eats producers and performs photosynthesis 
C) detritivore - feeds on decomposing organic matter 
D) autotroph - performs photosynthesis or chemosynthesis 
E) carnivore - feeds on other consumers

Question 2

Which of the following statement(s)about the hydrologic cycle is (are)true?

Accepted Answer

A) Because this is a true cycle,it is impossible to run out of fresh water for human use. 
B) All water molecules that evaporate from the ocean precipitate on land and move by gravity through groundwater to the ocean again. 
C) Some water evaporates from land and from plants. 
D) Once water sinks into the ground,it is safe from human exploitation or pollution until it has rejoined the ocean. 
E) All of the choices are true. 
A) Because this is a true cycle,it is impossible to run out of fresh water for human use. 
B) All water molecules that evaporate from the ocean precipitate on land and move by gravity through groundwater to the ocean again. 
C) Some water evaporates from land and from plants. 
D) Once water sinks into the ground,it is safe from human exploitation or pollution until it has rejoined the ocean. 
E) All of the choices are true.

Question 3

Compared with the numbers of grasshoppers or deer,there are not as many mountain lions.The reason that large top-level carnivores are more rare in an ecosystem is because

Accepted Answer

A) such animals do not tolerate other members like them. 
B) through natural selection,most fierce animals have been killed off by others. 
C) food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step,and top carnivores are therefore limited by the availability of food in their range. 
D) only a few such animals are permitted by succession in a biome,and there are only a few biomes. 
A) such animals do not tolerate other members like them. 
B) through natural selection,most fierce animals have been killed off by others. 
C) food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step,and top carnivores are therefore limited by the availability of food in their range. 
D) only a few such animals are permitted by succession in a biome,and there are only a few biomes.

Question 4

MacArthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by foraging on the same caterpillar,but in different places of the tree canopy.This is

Accepted Answer

A) an exception to the competitive exclusion principle. 
B) an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate competitors. 
C) confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because different species couldn't coexist. 
D) an example of resource partitioning. 
A) an exception to the competitive exclusion principle. 
B) an exception based on birds taking longer to eventually compete and eliminate competitors. 
C) confirmation that all warblers were actually variations of the same species because different species couldn't coexist. 
D) an example of resource partitioning.

Question 5

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200).Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300).How many rabbits,per day,does it take to support the hawk?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 6 
B) about 1/2 a rabbit 
C) 2 whole rabbits 
D) 12 rabbits 
A) approximately 6 
B) about 1/2 a rabbit 
C) 2 whole rabbits 
D) 12 rabbits

Question 6

Organisms in all trophic levels may be consumed by decomposers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If there are 12,000 kg.in the base of an ecological pyramid,how many kg.will be found in the body tissue of the tertiary consumers?

Accepted Answer

A) 1200 kg. 
B) 120 kg. 
C) 12000 kg. 
D) 6000 kg. 
E) 12 kg. 
A) 1200 kg. 
B) 120 kg. 
C) 12000 kg. 
D) 6000 kg. 
E) 12 kg.

Question 8

Consider the following food chain: hawk - rabbit - clover.Each species will contain a different amount of calories in its body (clover: 10 calories,rabbit: 500,and hawk: 1200).Each species has a different daily caloric requirement (clover: sunlight,rabbit: 100 calories,hawk: 300).How many clover plants,per day,does it take to support one rabbit?

Accepted Answer

A) approximately 100 plants 
B) approximately 10 plants 
C) approximately 50 plants 
D) approximately 3 plants 
E) approximately 1000 plants 
A) approximately 100 plants 
B) approximately 10 plants 
C) approximately 50 plants 
D) approximately 3 plants 
E) approximately 1000 plants

Question 9

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with

Accepted Answer

A) omnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) detritivores. 
E) carnivores. 
A) omnivores. 
B) herbivores. 
C) autotrophs. 
D) detritivores. 
E) carnivores.

Question 10

In a grazing food chain,

Accepted Answer

A) primary consumers eat detritus. 
B) primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
C) secondary consumers eat detritus. 
D) secondary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
E) all the consumers are primary consumers. 
A) primary consumers eat detritus. 
B) primary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
C) secondary consumers eat detritus. 
D) secondary consumers eat photosynthetic organisms. 
E) all the consumers are primary consumers.

Question 11

Which of the following pairings of organisms and their method of obtaining nutrients is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) autotrophs - chemosynthesis 
B) herbivores - algae 
C) detritivores - inorganic matter 
D) carnivores - other animals 
A) autotrophs - chemosynthesis 
B) herbivores - algae 
C) detritivores - inorganic matter 
D) carnivores - other animals

Question 12

Clements proposed the climax-pattern model of succession.Governing factors for this model include

Accepted Answer

A) climate. 
B) soil conditions. 
C) each successive community preparing the way for the next. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) climate. 
B) soil conditions. 
C) each successive community preparing the way for the next. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

What occurs when two species with very similar niches live in an overlapping range?

Accepted Answer

A) speciation 
B) hypervolume 
C) competitive exclusion 
D) total extinction of one species 
E) a switch in habitat for one of the organisms 
A) speciation 
B) hypervolume 
C) competitive exclusion 
D) total extinction of one species 
E) a switch in habitat for one of the organisms

Question 14

The first species to begin secondary succession are called pioneer species,or colonizers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

Accepted Answer

A) colonization by more K-selected species. 
B) time for development of the soil. 
C) more time for development of a seed bank. 
D) colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E) redevelopment of the atmospheric gases. 
A) colonization by more K-selected species. 
B) time for development of the soil. 
C) more time for development of a seed bank. 
D) colonization by organisms that are farther away. 
E) redevelopment of the atmospheric gases.

Exam 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

Which of the following statement(s)about the hydrologic cycle is (are)true?

Compared with the numbers of grasshoppers or deer,there are not as many mountain lions.The reason that large top-level carnivores are more rare in an ecosystem is because

MacArthur discovered that five species of warblers coexisted on spruce trees by foraging on the same caterpillar,but in different places of the tree canopy.This is

Organisms in all trophic levels may be consumed by decomposers.

If there are 12,000 kg.in the base of an ecological pyramid,how many kg.will be found in the body tissue of the tertiary consumers?

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with

In a grazing food chain,

Which of the following pairings of organisms and their method of obtaining nutrients is incorrect?

Clements proposed the climax-pattern model of succession.Governing factors for this model include

What occurs when two species with very similar niches live in an overlapping range?

The first species to begin secondary succession are called pioneer species,or colonizers.

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

A View of Life

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