Question 1

When one portion of a chromosome becomes physically part of another chromosome,the type of mutation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) a nonsense mutation. 
B) a translocation. 
C) an inversion. 
D) a duplication. 
E) a nonstop mutation. 
A) a nonsense mutation. 
B) a translocation. 
C) an inversion. 
D) a duplication. 
E) a nonstop mutation.

Question 2

Release factors of translation recognize the codon

Accepted Answer

A) AUG. 
B) GUA. 
C) UGA. 
D) GGA. 
E) UUU. 
A) AUG. 
B) GUA. 
C) UGA. 
D) GGA. 
E) UUU.

Question 3

A strain of mutant bacteria has been isolated.You isolate the mRNA corresponding to the mutated gene from this bacterial strain to use in an in vitro translation system and note that even in vitro it is difficult to use this message and obtain protein.Of the following,which is a likely explanation for these results?

Accepted Answer

A) There may be a mutation in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the DNA,resulting in mRNA that binds poorly to the ribosome. 
B) There may be a mutation in the ribosomal rRNA recognizing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the message. 
C) This mutant may have altered tRNA molecules,such that the codon-anticodon interaction during translation is affected. 
D) This mutant may not manufacture enough translation factors for effective translation. 
E) In this mutant,the ribosomal subunits may not associate well enough for effective translation. 
A) There may be a mutation in the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the DNA,resulting in mRNA that binds poorly to the ribosome. 
B) There may be a mutation in the ribosomal rRNA recognizing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the message. 
C) This mutant may have altered tRNA molecules,such that the codon-anticodon interaction during translation is affected. 
D) This mutant may not manufacture enough translation factors for effective translation. 
E) In this mutant,the ribosomal subunits may not associate well enough for effective translation.

Question 4

Which of the following rRNA molecules is not associated with the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) 28S 
B) 5)8S 
C) 5S 
D) 16S 
E) Neither 5.8S nor 5S rRNA is associated with the large subunit. 
A) 28S 
B) 5)8S 
C) 5S 
D) 16S 
E) Neither 5.8S nor 5S rRNA is associated with the large subunit.

Question 5

The transfer of polypeptides into the ER is called ________ because the movement across the membrane is coupled with translation.

Accepted Answer

cotranslat

Question 6

AUG is the "start" codon in

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotic translation. 
B) eukaryotic translation. 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. 
D) neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic translation. 
E) prokaryotic modification. 
A) prokaryotic translation. 
B) eukaryotic translation. 
C) both prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation. 
D) neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic translation. 
E) prokaryotic modification.

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes is associated with the formation of peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) peptidase 
B) aminoacyl transferase 
C) peptidyl transferase 
D) peptide hydrolase 
E) inteins 
A) peptidase 
B) aminoacyl transferase 
C) peptidyl transferase 
D) peptide hydrolase 
E) inteins

Question 8

Of the following steps associated with translation,which does not involve hydrolysis of GTP?

Accepted Answer

A) aminoacylation of tRNA 
B) formation of the initiation complex 
C) binding of the aminoacyl tRNA to the codon at the A site 
D) translocation of the ribosome 
E) release of polypeptide 
A) aminoacylation of tRNA 
B) formation of the initiation complex 
C) binding of the aminoacyl tRNA to the codon at the A site 
D) translocation of the ribosome 
E) release of polypeptide

Question 9

Once an amino acid has been attached to the appropriate tRNA,the tRNA is called a(n)________,and the amino acid is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

aminoacyl

Question 10

Shine-Dalgarno sequences are present in mRNAs of

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotes. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) humans. 
D) plants. 
E) both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
A) prokaryotes. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) humans. 
D) plants. 
E) both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 11

Of the following codons,which encodes a normal translational stop?

Accepted Answer

A) UUU 
B) AUG 
C) UAG 
D) AAA 
E) AGG 
A) UUU 
B) AUG 
C) UAG 
D) AAA 
E) AGG

Question 12

Which of the following requires eIFs for initiation?

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotic translation 
B) chaperonin activity 
C) eukaryotic translation 
D) eukaryotic transcription 
E) post-translational modification 
A) prokaryotic translation 
B) chaperonin activity 
C) eukaryotic translation 
D) eukaryotic transcription 
E) post-translational modification

Question 13

Cytosolic polypeptides are transported to a target organelle via

Accepted Answer

A) transportin mechanisms. 
B) post-translational import. 
C) cotranslational import. 
D) the importin protein. 
E) the activity of ribosomes. 
A) transportin mechanisms. 
B) post-translational import. 
C) cotranslational import. 
D) the importin protein. 
E) the activity of ribosomes.

Question 14

________ degrades mRNAs that contain premature stops.

Accepted Answer

Nonsense-m

Question 15

The first amino acid incorporated in bacterial protein synthesis is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first amino acid incorporated in bacterial...

Question 16

Ribosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation most probably

Accepted Answer

A) are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins. 
B) have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the surface. 
C) have a signal peptidase error. 
D) do not make the appropriate anchor protein. 
E) All of the above are probable reasons. 
A) are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins. 
B) have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the surface. 
C) have a signal peptidase error. 
D) do not make the appropriate anchor protein. 
E) All of the above are probable reasons.

Question 17

In bacteria,it is common to produce polycistronic messages; in eukaryotes it is less common.Describe how polycistronic mRNAs are made and processed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.How might polycistronic mRNA molecules be an advantage for eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes,polycistronic mRNAs typic

Exam 19: Gene Expression: Iiprotein Synthesis and Sorting

When one portion of a chromosome becomes physically part of another chromosome,the type of mutation is referred to as

Release factors of translation recognize the codon

Which of the following rRNA molecules is not associated with the large subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome?

The transfer of polypeptides into the ER is called ________ because the movement across the membrane is coupled with translation.

AUG is the "start" codon in

Which of the following enzymes is associated with the formation of peptide bonds?

Of the following steps associated with translation,which does not involve hydrolysis of GTP?

Once an amino acid has been attached to the appropriate tRNA,the tRNA is called a(n)________,and the amino acid is said to be ________.

Shine-Dalgarno sequences are present in mRNAs of

Of the following codons,which encodes a normal translational stop?

Which of the following requires eIFs for initiation?

Cytosolic polypeptides are transported to a target organelle via

________ degrades mRNAs that contain premature stops.

The first amino acid incorporated in bacterial protein synthesis is ________.

Ribosomes that do not anchor on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation most probably

In bacteria,it is common to produce polycistronic messages; in eukaryotes it is less common.Describe how polycistronic mRNAs are made and processed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.How might polycistronic mRNA molecules be an advantage for eukaryotes?

A Preview of Cell Biology

The Chemistry of the Cell

The Macromolecules of the Cell

Cells and Organelles

Bioenergetics: the Flow of Energy in the Cell

Enzymes: the Catalysts of Life

Membranes: Their Structure,function,and Chemistry

Transport Across Membranes: Overcoming the Permeability Barrier

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Aerobic Respiration

Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The Endomembrane System

Cytoskeletal Systems

Cellular Movement: Motility and Contractility

Beyond the Cell: Cell Adhesions, cell Junctions, and Extracellular Structures

The Structural Basis of Cellular Information: Dna, chromosomes, and the Nucleus

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

Gene Expression: Ithe Genetic Code and Transcription

The Regulation of Gene Expression

Molecular Biology Techniques for Cell Biology

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Ielectrical and Synaptic Signaling in Neurons

Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Iimessengers and Receptors

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction,meiosis,and Genetic Recombination

Filters

Once an amino acid has been attached to the appropriate tRNA,the tRNA is called a(n),and the amino acid is said to be .