Exam 1: A Preview of Cell Biology

You have identified a new molecule associated with the immune system that drastically reduces cell division by tumor cells in vivo.Develop a hypothesis and design an experiment to test your hypothesis using a model organism.Include an explanation as to why it is the best model for your experiment.

Which of the following is smallest?

Melvin Calvin used ________,a specific ________,to deduce the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.

________ improved the original light microscope in the late 1600s,allowing the visualization of ________.

Scientists use various terms to describe conclusions reached through the scientific method.Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?

Cell biology emerged from which of the following fields of biology?

Around 1914,________ determined that DNA was an important component in ________ by using a staining technique that is still in use today.

A scientific ________ must be so thoroughly confirmed that virtually no doubt remains about its accuracy.

Because of the low penetration power of electrons,samples for transmission electron microscopy must be extremely thin.A(n)________ is able to cut sections as thin as 20 nm.

Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by

Which of the following is true of a nanometer?

The classic work of Friedrich Wöhler (1828)that united the fields of biology and chemistry was based on the

Which type of microscopy enhances and amplifies slight changes in the phase of transmitted light?

1 mm = ________ nm

The Latin phrase omnis cellula e cellula refers to a cellular principle.Which of the following statements is the best interpretation of this phrase?

To be useful to scientists,a hypothesis must be ________; in other words,the hypothesis must be able to be confirmed or discredited.

The scientific work that established DNA,rather than protein,as the molecule of heredity was performed prior to

The following paragraph describes the activities of hypothetical scientists.After reading this paragraph,list the steps of the scientific method,and list the activities that correspond to the steps of the scientific method. A rancher noticed that several grazing animals had become sick after grazing in a new area.The rancher asked a team of scientists to analyze this problem.They visited the area and found that the food available to the animals was similar to the food they had been eating.The water supply in the area was adequate but limited to a single spring.Some of the scientists felt that the water might be contaminated with a pathogen.Therefore,they collected water samples from the spring in the new area and compared them with water samples taken from previous grazing sites.The scientists noticed that water from the new area was cloudier than water obtained from other areas.Culturing this water revealed that a pathogenic strain of bacteria was present.This bacterial strain was found to be identical to a strain obtained from sick animals.This strain was not present in healthy animals.They concluded that a contaminated water supply in the new area was responsible for the problem and instructed the rancher to avoid the water supply.The disease was not found in the rancher's livestock again.

Which of the following statements is false ?

You have been given a sample of Mimivirus,which has the largest capsid diameter of all currently known viruses (600 nm)and has the form of a 20-sided polyhedron (an icosahedron).Based on your knowledge of microscopes,what would you be able to see/determine about mimiviral structure using each of the following microscopes? a.simple compound (light)microscope b.fluorescent microscope using fluorescently labeled antibodies to a novel capsid protein c.scanning electron microscope