Question 1

What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be covalently bonded in a molecule containing two carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  six 
D)  eight 
A)  two 
B)  four 
C)  six 
D)  eight

Question 2

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 neutrons 
B)  8 neutrons 
C)  8 protons 
D)  15 protons 
A)  7 neutrons 
B)  8 neutrons 
C)  8 protons 
D)  15 protons

Question 3

We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons-for example, 2p⁺, 2n⁰, 2e⁻ for helium. Which of the following represents the ¹⁸O isotope of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  7p⁺, 2n⁰, 9e⁻ 
B)  8p⁺, 10n⁰, 8e⁻ 
C)  9p⁺, 9n⁰, 9e⁻ 
D)  10p⁺, 8n⁰, 9e⁻ 
A)  7p⁺, 2n⁰, 9e⁻ 
B)  8p⁺, 10n⁰, 8e⁻ 
C)  9p⁺, 9n⁰, 9e⁻ 
D)  10p⁺, 8n⁰, 9e⁻

Question 4

The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic mass 
B)  atomic number 
C)  electric charge of the atom 
D)  the number of neutrons 
A)  atomic mass 
B)  atomic number 
C)  electric charge of the atom 
D)  the number of neutrons

Question 5

Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule 
B)  molecules held by ionic bonds react with water 
C)  two polar covalent bonds react 
D)  a hydrogen atom loses an electron 
A)  electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule 
B)  molecules held by ionic bonds react with water 
C)  two polar covalent bonds react 
D)  a hydrogen atom loses an electron

Question 6

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  polar covalent bonds 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  polar covalent bonds 
C)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds

Question 7

The reactivity of an atom arises from

Accepted Answer

A)  the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B)  the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C)  the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D)  the potential energy of the valence shell. 
A)  the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. 
B)  the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. 
C)  the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. 
D)  the potential energy of the valence shell.

Question 8

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-How many electrons are involved in a triple covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12 
A)  3 
B)  6 
C)  9 
D)  12

Question 9

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 10

You are asked to indicate the type and number of atoms in a molecule. Which representation would work best?

Accepted Answer

A)  molecular formula 
B)  structural formula 
C)  ball-and-stick model 
D)  space-filling model 
A)  molecular formula 
B)  structural formula 
C)  ball-and-stick model 
D)  space-filling model

Question 11

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
3H₂ + N₂   2NH₃
-Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of nitrogen 
B)  addition of ammonia 
C)  addition of hydrogen 
D)  addition of both nitrogen and hydrogen 
A)  addition of nitrogen 
B)  addition of ammonia 
C)  addition of hydrogen 
D)  addition of both nitrogen and hydrogen

Question 12

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
3H₂ + N₂   2NH₃
-Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B)  Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C)  There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue. 
D)  There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped. 
A)  Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. 
B)  Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. 
C)  There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue. 
D)  There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and calcium are the most abundant elements of living matter. 
B)  Some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms. 
C)  All life requires the same essential elements. 
D)  A patient suffering from a goiter should not consume seafood. 
A)  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and calcium are the most abundant elements of living matter. 
B)  Some naturally occurring elements are toxic to organisms. 
C)  All life requires the same essential elements. 
D)  A patient suffering from a goiter should not consume seafood.

Question 14

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions 
A)  almost empty; cations 
B)  almost empty; anions 
C)  almost full; cations 
D)  almost full; anions

Question 15

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  4 
D)  6

Question 16

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH₃)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B)  Ammonia has an overall positive charge. 
C)  Ammonia has an overall negative charge. 
D)  The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
A)  Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. 
B)  Ammonia has an overall positive charge. 
C)  Ammonia has an overall negative charge. 
D)  The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

Question 17

How is a single covalent bond formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. 
B)  Two atoms share two electrons. 
C)  Two atoms share one electron. 
D)  One atom loses a pair of electrons to the other. 
A)  Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. 
B)  Two atoms share two electrons. 
C)  Two atoms share one electron. 
D)  One atom loses a pair of electrons to the other.

Question 18

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly damp surface 
B)  surface of hydrocarbons 
C)  surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds 
D)  surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds 
A)  slightly damp surface 
B)  surface of hydrocarbons 
C)  surface of mostly carbon-oxygen bonds 
D)  surface of mostly carbon-nitrogen bonds

Question 19

In a chemical reaction, the element ¹³Al will most preferably ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lose three electrons and become positively charged 
B)  gain five electrons and become negatively charged 
C)  lose five electrons and become positively charged 
D)  gain three electrons and become positively charged 
A)  lose three electrons and become positively charged 
B)  gain five electrons and become negatively charged 
C)  lose five electrons and become positively charged 
D)  gain three electrons and become positively charged

Question 20

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

Accepted Answer

A)  The atom has more electrons than protons. 
B)  The atom has more protons than electrons. 
C)  The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element. 
D)  The atom has more neutrons than protons. 
A)  The atom has more electrons than protons. 
B)  The atom has more protons than electrons. 
C)  The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element. 
D)  The atom has more neutrons than protons.

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

What is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be covalently bonded in a molecule containing two carbon atoms?

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Nitrogen-15 has a greater mass number than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains ________.

We can represent atoms by listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons-for example, 2p⁺, 2n⁰, 2e⁻ for helium. Which of the following represents the ¹⁸O isotope of oxygen?

The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on their ________.

Van der Waals interactions may result when ________.

Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are ________.

The reactivity of an atom arises from

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -How many electrons are involved in a triple covalent bond?

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1?

You are asked to indicate the type and number of atoms in a molecule. Which representation would work best?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ 2NH₃ -Which of the following factors will increase the rate of reaction in the forward direction?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. 3H₂ + N₂ 2NH₃ -Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ________; these elements tend to form ________ in solution.

What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 can make with hydrogen?

Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH₃)?

How is a single covalent bond formed?

A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces. Therefore, a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a ________.

In a chemical reaction, the element ¹³Al will most preferably ________.

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Refer to the following figure to answer the questions below. -Elements found on the left side of the periodic table contain outer shells that are ; these elements tend to form in solution.