Exam 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

A certain kind of snail can have a right-handed direction of shell coiling (DD or Dd) or left-handed coiling (dd). However, if direction of coiling is due to a protein deposited by the mother in the egg cytoplasm, then a Dd egg-producing snail and a dd sperm-producing snail will have offspring of which genotype(s) and phenotype(s)?

Use the following information to answer the question. A plantlike organism on the planet Pandora can have three recessive genetic traits: bluish leaves, due to an allele (a) of gene A; a feathered stem, due to an allele (b) of gene B; and hollow roots due to an allele (c) of gene C. The three genes are linked and recombine. A geneticist performed a testcross with an organism that had been found to be heterozygous for the three recessive traits, and she was able to identify progeny of the following phenotypic distribution (+ = wild type): Which of the following are the phenotypes of the parents in this cross?

During meiosis, a defect occurs in a cell that results in the failure of spindle microtubules binding at the kinetochores. Which of the following statements describes the most likely result of such a defect?

All female mammals have one active X chromosome per cell instead of two. What causes this to happen?

Of the following human aneuploidies, which is the one that generally has the most severe impact on the health of the individual?

In Drosophila melanogaster, vestigial wings are determined by a recessive allele of a gene that is linked to a gene with a recessive allele that determines black body color. T. H. Morgan crossed black-bodied, normal-winged females and gray-bodied, vestigial-winged males. The F₁ were all gray bodied, normal winged. The F₁ females were crossed to homozygous recessive males to produce testcross progeny. Morgan calculated the map distance to be 17 map units. Which of the following information is correct about the testcross progeny?

Generally, only female cats have the tortoiseshell phenotype for fur color. Which of the following statements explains this phenomenon?

Which of the following statements regarding gene linkage is correct?

German scientist Carl Correns found that the inheritance of variegated color on the leaves of certain plants was determined only by the maternal parent. What phenomenon explains this pattern of inheritance?

Which of the following statements correctly describes what happens to a chromosome after a nonreciprocal translocation occurs?

Use the following information to answer the question. A plantlike organism on the planet Pandora can have three recessive genetic traits: bluish leaves, due to an allele (a) of gene A; a feathered stem, due to an allele (b) of gene B; and hollow roots due to an allele (c) of gene C. The three genes are linked and recombine. A geneticist performed a testcross with an organism that had been found to be heterozygous for the three recessive traits, and she was able to identify progeny of the following phenotypic distribution (+ = wild type): If recombination frequency is equal to distance in map units, what is the approximate distance between genes A and B?

Inheritance patterns cannot always be explained by Mendel's models of inheritance. If a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during meiosis I, select the choice that shows the chromosome number of the four resulting gametes with respect to the normal haploid number (n)?

A homozygous tomato plant with red fruit and yellow flowers was crossed with a homozygous tomato plant with golden fruit and white flowers. The F₁ all had red fruit and yellow flowers. The F₁ were testcrossed by crossing them to homozygous recessive individuals, and the following offspring were obtained: Red fruit and yellow flowers-41 Red fruit and white flowers-7 Golden fruit and yellow flowers-8 Golden fruit and white flowers-44 How many map units separate these genes?

Use the following information to answer the question. In a series of mapping experiments, the recombination frequencies for four different linked genes of Drosophila were determined as shown in the figure. Based on this information, what is the order of these genes on a chromosome map?

In birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme. Males are ZZ and females are ZW. A recessive lethal allele that causes death of the embryo is sometimes present on the Z chromosome in pigeons. What would be the sex ratio in the offspring of a cross between a male that is heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is inherited as an X-linked recessive allele in humans. A woman whose father suffered from G6PD marries a normal man. What proportion of their sons is expected to be G6PD?

In cats, black fur color is determined by an X-linked allele; the other allele at this locus determines orange color. The heterozygote is tortoiseshell. What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a black female and an orange male?

One possible result of chromosomal breakage is for a fragment to join a nonhomologous chromosome. What is this type of chromosomal alteration called?