Question 1

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the extinction of many Ediacaran life forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  predation by new species, poisoning from high carbon dioxide levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
B)  predation by new species, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of habitat due to increased temperatures 
C)  predation by new species, faster movement by new species, and increased developmental flexibility by new species 
D)  loss of habitat due to increased temperatures, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
A)  predation by new species, poisoning from high carbon dioxide levels, and loss of developmental flexibility 
B)  predation by new species, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of habitat due to increased temperatures 
C)  predation by new species, faster movement by new species, and increased developmental flexibility by new species 
D)  loss of habitat due to increased temperatures, poisoning from high oxygen levels, and loss of developmental flexibility

Question 2

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  a body cavity. 
B)  a complete digestive tract. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  tissues. 
A)  a body cavity. 
B)  a complete digestive tract. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  tissues.

Question 3

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  radial or bilateral symmetry 
B)  diploblastic or triploblastic embryos 
C)  true tissues or no tissues 
D)  a body cavity or no body cavity 
A)  radial or bilateral symmetry 
B)  diploblastic or triploblastic embryos 
C)  true tissues or no tissues 
D)  a body cavity or no body cavity

Question 4

The evolution of animal species has been prolific (current estimates of species numbers reach into the tens of millions). Much of this diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reproduce 
B)  arrange cells into tissues 
C)  sense, feed, and move 
D)  form an embryo and establish a basic body plan 
A)  reproduce 
B)  arrange cells into tissues 
C)  sense, feed, and move 
D)  form an embryo and establish a basic body plan

Question 5

One of the characteristics unique to animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrulation. 
B)  multicellularity. 
C)  sexual reproduction. 
D)  flagellated sperm. 
A)  gastrulation. 
B)  multicellularity. 
C)  sexual reproduction. 
D)  flagellated sperm.

Question 6

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  we could not clone a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect 
B)  such species must reproduce only asexually 
C)  the descendants of these adults do not include a larval stage 
D)  metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendants of such adults 
A)  we could not clone a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect 
B)  such species must reproduce only asexually 
C)  the descendants of these adults do not include a larval stage 
D)  metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendants of such adults

Question 7

Use the figure to answer the question.
A: Morphological phylogeny.
 
B: Molecular phylogeny.
 
In the traditional phylogeny (A), the phylum Platyhelminthes is depicted as a sister taxon to the rest of the protostome phyla and as having diverged earlier from the lineage that led to the rest of the protostomes. In the molecular phylogeny (B), Platyhelminthes is depicted as a Lophotrochozoan phylum. What probably led to this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Platyhelminthes ceased to be recognized as true protostomes. 
B)  The removal of the acoel flatworms (Acoela) from the Platyhelminthes allowed the remaining flatworms to be a monophyletic clade clearly tied to the Lophotrochozoa. 
C)  All Platyhelminthes must have a well-developed lophophore as their feeding apparatus. 
D)  Platyhelminthes' close genetic ties to the arthropods became clear as their Hox gene sequences were studied. 
A)  Platyhelminthes ceased to be recognized as true protostomes. 
B)  The removal of the acoel flatworms (Acoela) from the Platyhelminthes allowed the remaining flatworms to be a monophyletic clade clearly tied to the Lophotrochozoa. 
C)  All Platyhelminthes must have a well-developed lophophore as their feeding apparatus. 
D)  Platyhelminthes' close genetic ties to the arthropods became clear as their Hox gene sequences were studied.

Exam 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the extinction of many Ediacaran life forms?

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having ________.

The evolution of animal species has been prolific (current estimates of species numbers reach into the tens of millions). Much of this diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to ________.

One of the characteristics unique to animals is

In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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