Question 1

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal and ground tissue 
B)  lateral tissues 
C)  pith 
D)  secondary tissues 
A)  dermal and ground tissue 
B)  lateral tissues 
C)  pith 
D)  secondary tissues

Question 2

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

Question 3

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
C)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located 
D)  Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth. 
A)  closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
B)  in young branches where leaves are forming 
C)  where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are located 
D)  Nowhere; trees more than a year old have only secondary growth.

Question 4

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of apical bud scar rings 
B)  number of leaf scars 
C)  number and arrangement of axillary buds 
D)  length of internodes 
A)  number of apical bud scar rings 
B)  number of leaf scars 
C)  number and arrangement of axillary buds 
D)  length of internodes

Question 5

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  stele 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith 
A)  cortex 
B)  stele 
C)  periderm 
D)  pith

Question 6

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.
 
Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only

Question 7

________ is a relatively indigestible strengthening polymer that accounts for more than a quarter of the dry mass of wood.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose 
B)  Starch 
C)  Lignin 
D)  None of these choices 
A)  Cellulose 
B)  Starch 
C)  Lignin 
D)  None of these choices

Question 8

The polarity of a plant is established when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo 
B)  the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo 
C)  the primary root breaks through the seed coat 
D)  the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates 
A)  cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo 
B)  the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo 
C)  the primary root breaks through the seed coat 
D)  the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates

Question 9

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Accepted Answer

A)  If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B)  Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed three inches above the ground level. 
C)  If you mow two inches above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D)  If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells. 
A)  If you mow right at ground level, the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B)  Grass mowed two inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed three inches above the ground level. 
C)  If you mow two inches above ground level, most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D)  If you mow two inches above ground level, the apical meristem can keep producing new cells.

Question 10

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells 
A)  continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root 
B)  continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem 
C)  elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem 
D)  continuous cell division of root cap cells

Question 11

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  root cap 
B)  root hairs 
C)  the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D)  storage roots 
A)  root cap 
B)  root hairs 
C)  the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem 
D)  storage roots

Question 12

Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls 
B)  ground meristem-protective coat of woody stems and roots 
C)  guard cells-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots 
D)  periderm-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves 
A)  sclerenchyma-supporting cells with thick secondary walls 
B)  ground meristem-protective coat of woody stems and roots 
C)  guard cells-waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots 
D)  periderm-parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves

Question 13

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  epidermis 
D)  pericycle 
A)  endodermis 
B)  phloem 
C)  epidermis 
D)  pericycle

Question 14

The bark of a tree trunk is made up of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart wood and sap wood 
B)  heart wood 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  secondary phloem and layers of periderm 
A)  heart wood and sap wood 
B)  heart wood 
C)  secondary phloem 
D)  secondary phloem and layers of periderm

Question 15

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs 
A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  parenchyma cells 
C)  sieve-tube elements 
D)  root hairs

Question 16

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  leaves 
C)  dermal tissue 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  morphogenesis. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  cell elongation. 
A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  morphogenesis. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  cell elongation.

Question 18

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure.
 
Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  IV only

Question 19

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline 
C)  removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
A)  breathing faster as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase 
B)  putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline 
C)  removing red blood cells from circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels increase 
D)  increasing the volume of its lungs when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase

Question 20

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  annual 
B)  biennial 
C)  perennial 
D)  not very fit 
A)  annual 
B)  biennial 
C)  perennial 
D)  not very fit

Exam 35: Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as ________.

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Which of the following can be used to determine a twig's age?

The vascular bundle in the shape of a single central cylinder in a root is called the ________.

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A monocot stem is represented by ________.

________ is a relatively indigestible strengthening polymer that accounts for more than a quarter of the dry mass of wood.

The polarity of a plant is established when ________.

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems. Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below, concealed by the leaves. What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily ________.

Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?

Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function?

Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots?

The bark of a tree trunk is made up of ________.

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

The following question is based on the drawings of root or stem cross sections shown in the figure. Refer to the figure. A plant that is at least three years old is represented by ________.

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human ________.

A plant that grows one year, dies back, and then grows again the following year, produces flowers, and then dies would be considered ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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