Question 1

No non-A are non-B. (T) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-A are non-B. (F) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-A are non-B. (F) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All non-A are non-B. (F) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-A are non-B. (F) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (Und.) A

Question 2

Some weekend getaways are not relaxing vacations. Therefore, some weekend getaways are relaxing vacations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. B

Question 3

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. B

Question 4

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (F) 
A)  No A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (F)

Question 5

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (F) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (F)

Question 6

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

Accepted Answer

A)  O-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  E-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  O-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  E-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 7

None but English majors are eligible.

Accepted Answer

A)  All English majors are persons who are eligible. 
B)  Some English majors are persons who are not eligible. 
C)  All persons who are eligible are English majors. 
D)  All persons who are not eligible are persons who are not English majors. 
E)  Some English majors are persons who are eligible. 
A)  All English majors are persons who are eligible. 
B)  Some English majors are persons who are not eligible. 
C)  All persons who are eligible are English majors. 
D)  All persons who are not eligible are persons who are not English majors. 
E)  Some English majors are persons who are eligible.

Question 8

A child peered through the window.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some children peered through the window, and some children did not peer through the window. 
B)  Some children are people who peered through the window. 
C)  All children are people who peered through the window. 
D)  Some children are not people who peered through the window. 
E)  Some people identical to a child are people who peered through the window. 
A)  Some children peered through the window, and some children did not peer through the window. 
B)  Some children are people who peered through the window. 
C)  All children are people who peered through the window. 
D)  Some children are not people who peered through the window. 
E)  Some people identical to a child are people who peered through the window.

Question 9

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition.

Question 10

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 11

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some clowns are not unhappy people. 
B)  All clowns are unhappy people. 
C)  Some clowns are happy people. 
D)  All clowns are happy people.. 
E)  Some clowns are happy people.. 
A)  Some clowns are not unhappy people. 
B)  All clowns are unhappy people. 
C)  Some clowns are happy people. 
D)  All clowns are happy people.. 
E)  Some clowns are happy people..

Question 12

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
E)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
E)  All non-B are A. (Und.)

Question 13

Given the categorical proposition "No employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages. 
B)  All employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages. 
C)  All employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages. 
D)  Some employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages. 
E)  Some employees of Walmart are not workers paid high wages. 
A)  No employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages. 
B)  All employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages. 
C)  All employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages. 
D)  Some employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages. 
E)  Some employees of Walmart are not workers paid high wages.

Question 14

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (T). 
E)  Some A are B. (T) 
A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (T). 
E)  Some A are B. (T)

Question 15

It is false that some gothic cathedrals are not rich legacies. Therefore, some gothic cathedrals are rich legacies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 16

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Accepted Answer

A)  All ducks quack. 
B)  Some animals that are not ducks are animals that do not quack. 
C)  All ducks are animals that quack. 
D)  Some ducks are animals that quack. 
E)  All animals that quack are ducks. 
A)  All ducks quack. 
B)  Some animals that are not ducks are animals that do not quack. 
C)  All ducks are animals that quack. 
D)  Some ducks are animals that quack. 
E)  All animals that quack are ducks.

Question 17

Categorical Proposition 1G
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's."

-In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Some. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Some. 
E)  None of these.

Question 18

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1.

Question 19

The only flowers she grows are daisies.

Accepted Answer

A)  All things identical to daisies grown by her are flowers. 
B)  All flowers she grows are daisies. 
C)  All daisies she grows are flowers. 
D)  Some flowers she grows are daisies. 
E)  No flowers not grown by her are daisies. 
A)  All things identical to daisies grown by her are flowers. 
B)  All flowers she grows are daisies. 
C)  All daisies she grows are flowers. 
D)  Some flowers she grows are daisies. 
E)  No flowers not grown by her are daisies.

Question 20

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

No non-A are non-B. (T) Contrary

Some weekend getaways are not relaxing vacations. Therefore, some weekend getaways are relaxing vacations.

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

None but English majors are eligible.

A child peered through the window.

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Given the categorical proposition "No employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

It is false that some gothic cathedrals are not rich legacies. Therefore, some gothic cathedrals are rich legacies.

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The only flowers she grows are daisies.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

No non-A are non-B. (T) Contrary

Some weekend getaways are not relaxing vacations. Therefore, some weekend getaways are relaxing vacations.

Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

The categorical proposition "No employers who pay subsistence level wages are facilitators of a healthy society":

None but English majors are eligible.

A child peered through the window.

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Given the categorical proposition "Some clowns are unhappy people." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Given the categorical proposition "No employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

It is false that some gothic cathedrals are not rich legacies. Therefore, some gothic cathedrals are rich legacies.

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The only flowers she grows are daisies.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters