Question 1

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (T) 
A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (T)

Question 2

It is false that some teacups are flowerpots. Therefore, some teacups are not flowerpots.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; existential fallacy.

Question 3

It is false that some charming nymphs are not winged fairies. Therefore, some charming nymphs are winged fairies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 4

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 5

Tulips are blooming in the garden.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some tulips are flowers blooming in the garden. 
B)  All flowers blooming in the garden are tulips. 
C)  Some tulips are not flowers blooming in the garden. 
D)  All tulips are flowers blooming in the garden. 
E)  Some tulips are blooming in the garden. 
A)  Some tulips are flowers blooming in the garden. 
B)  All flowers blooming in the garden are tulips. 
C)  Some tulips are not flowers blooming in the garden. 
D)  All tulips are flowers blooming in the garden. 
E)  Some tulips are blooming in the garden.

Question 6

No griffins are flightless predators. Therefore, all griffins are flying predators.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 7

Some toys are not safe playthings. Therefore, some toys are unsafe playthings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 8

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

Accepted Answer

A)  All violinists are musicians who are practicing and no non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
B)  Some violinists are practicing and some violinists are not practicing. 
C)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
D)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing and all musicians who are not violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
E)  All non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
A)  All violinists are musicians who are practicing and no non-violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
B)  Some violinists are practicing and some violinists are not practicing. 
C)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
D)  No violinists are musicians who are practicing and all musicians who are not violinists are musicians who are practicing. 
E)  All non-violinists are musicians who are practicing.

Question 9

Easter never occurs in February.

Accepted Answer

A)  No times Easter occurs are times in February. 
B)  All times in February are not times Easter occurs. 
C)  All times Easter occurs are not times in February. 
D)  All times that are not February are times Easter occurs. 
E)  No Easters are in February. 
A)  No times Easter occurs are times in February. 
B)  All times in February are not times Easter occurs. 
C)  All times Easter occurs are not times in February. 
D)  All times that are not February are times Easter occurs. 
E)  No Easters are in February.

Question 10

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (T) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (T)

Question 11

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subcontrary. (T) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subalternation. (F) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subcontrary. (T) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subalternation. (F)

Question 12

All except the welders got a raise.

Accepted Answer

A)  No welders are persons who got a raise and all non-welders are persons who got a raise. 
B)  All non-welders got a raise and no welders got a raise. 
C)  All welders are not persons who got a raise. 
D)  No welders are persons who got a raise. 
E)  All persons who are not welders are persons who got a raise. 
A)  No welders are persons who got a raise and all non-welders are persons who got a raise. 
B)  All non-welders got a raise and no welders got a raise. 
C)  All welders are not persons who got a raise. 
D)  No welders are persons who got a raise. 
E)  All persons who are not welders are persons who got a raise.

Question 13

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 14

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 15

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 16

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 17

No A are non-B. (F) No non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (T) 
A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (T)

Question 18

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
B)  Some cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
C)  All cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
D)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
E)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that do not affect breathing. 
A)  No cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
B)  Some cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
C)  All cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
D)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
E)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that do not affect breathing.

Question 19

There are mountains on the horizon.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things on the horizon are not mountains. 
B)  Some mountains are things on the horizon. 
C)  Some mountains are not things on the horizon. 
D)  Some mountains are on the horizon. 
E)  All mountains are not things on the horizon. 
A)  Some things on the horizon are not mountains. 
B)  Some mountains are things on the horizon. 
C)  Some mountains are not things on the horizon. 
D)  Some mountains are on the horizon. 
E)  All mountains are not things on the horizon.

Question 20

It is false that some cases of genocide are not attacks on humanity. Therefore, it is false that no cases of genocide are attacks on humanity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

It is false that some teacups are flowerpots. Therefore, some teacups are not flowerpots.

It is false that some charming nymphs are not winged fairies. Therefore, some charming nymphs are winged fairies.

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Tulips are blooming in the garden.

No griffins are flightless predators. Therefore, all griffins are flying predators.

Some toys are not safe playthings. Therefore, some toys are unsafe playthings.

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

Easter never occurs in February.

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

All except the welders got a raise.

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

No A are non-B. (F) No non-B are A.

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

There are mountains on the horizon.

It is false that some cases of genocide are not attacks on humanity. Therefore, it is false that no cases of genocide are attacks on humanity.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

It is false that some teacups are flowerpots. Therefore, some teacups are not flowerpots.

It is false that some charming nymphs are not winged fairies. Therefore, some charming nymphs are winged fairies.

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Tulips are blooming in the garden.

No griffins are flightless predators. Therefore, all griffins are flying predators.

Some toys are not safe playthings. Therefore, some toys are unsafe playthings.

All the musicians except the violinists are practicing.

Easter never occurs in February.

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

All except the welders got a raise.

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

No A are non-B. (F) No non-B are A.

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

There are mountains on the horizon.

It is false that some cases of genocide are not attacks on humanity. Therefore, it is false that no cases of genocide are attacks on humanity.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters