Question 1

No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  There is an X in Area 2. 
A)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  There is an X in Area 2.

Question 2

Some white supremacists are individuals involved in crime. Therefore, it is false that some white supremacists are not individuals involved in crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 3

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1 and an X in Area 3. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
A)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1 and an X in Area 3. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1.

Question 4

The categorical proposition "Some debts are causes of insomnia" is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  U-type. 
B)  I-type. 
C)  A-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  E-type. 
A)  U-type. 
B)  I-type. 
C)  A-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  E-type.

Question 5

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
B)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-B are not non-A. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not non-A. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
B)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-B are not non-A. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not non-A. (Und.)

Question 6

Not every concert pianist is famous.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some concert pianists are famous people. 
B)  All concert pianists are not famous people. 
C)  Some concert pianists are not famous people. 
D)  Some concert pianists are not famous. 
E)  Some famous people are not concert pianists. 
A)  Some concert pianists are famous people. 
B)  All concert pianists are not famous people. 
C)  Some concert pianists are not famous people. 
D)  Some concert pianists are not famous. 
E)  Some famous people are not concert pianists.

Question 7

Categorical Proposition 1F
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some ID cards that are not easy documents to duplicate are forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet."

-In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ID cards that are easy documents to duplicate. 
B)  Forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet. 
C)  Readily available on the Internet. 
D)  Easy documents to duplicate. 
E)  Internet. 
A)  ID cards that are easy documents to duplicate. 
B)  Forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet. 
C)  Readily available on the Internet. 
D)  Easy documents to duplicate. 
E)  Internet.

Question 8

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  All weeds are plants in this garden. 
B)  All plants in this garden are weeds. 
C)  All plants in this garden are things identical to weeds. 
D)  Some weeds are not plants in this garden. 
E)  All weeds are the only plants in this garden. 
A)  All weeds are plants in this garden. 
B)  All plants in this garden are weeds. 
C)  All plants in this garden are things identical to weeds. 
D)  Some weeds are not plants in this garden. 
E)  All weeds are the only plants in this garden.

Question 9

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.

Question 10

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some benefactors are not philanthropists. 
B)  All philanthropists are benefactors. 
C)  All people who are not philanthropists are people who are not benefactors. 
D)  No people who are not philanthropists are benefactors. 
E)  All benefactors are philanthropists. 
A)  Some benefactors are not philanthropists. 
B)  All philanthropists are benefactors. 
C)  All people who are not philanthropists are people who are not benefactors. 
D)  No people who are not philanthropists are benefactors. 
E)  All benefactors are philanthropists.

Question 11

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (T)

Question 12

Not all birds can fly.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some birds are not animals that can fly. 
B)  All birds are not animals that can fly. 
C)  Some birds are animals that can fly. 
D)  Some birds cannot fly. 
E)  Some animals that can fly are not birds. 
A)  Some birds are not animals that can fly. 
B)  All birds are not animals that can fly. 
C)  Some birds are animals that can fly. 
D)  Some birds cannot fly. 
E)  Some animals that can fly are not birds.

Question 13

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No A are B. (Und.) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T) 
A)  No A are B. (Und.) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T)

Question 14

It is false that some entrance exams are not occasions for panic. Therefore, some entrance exams are occasions for panic.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 15

No expensive menu items are unappetizing meals. Therefore, no appetizing meals are inexpensive menu items.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 16

None but scoundrels are villains.

Accepted Answer

A)  No scoundrels are villains, and all non-scoundrels are villains. 
B)  All scoundrels are villains. 
C)  All villains are scoundrels. 
D)  No scoundrels are villains. 
E)  All non-villains are non-scoundrels. 
A)  No scoundrels are villains, and all non-scoundrels are villains. 
B)  All scoundrels are villains. 
C)  All villains are scoundrels. 
D)  No scoundrels are villains. 
E)  All non-villains are non-scoundrels.

Question 17

Some religious displays are violations of the First Amendment. Therefore, some violations of the First Amendment are religious displays.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 18

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

Accepted Answer

A)  All enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
B)  Some enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
C)  All well written novels are enjoyable novels. 
D)  No novels that are not enjoyable are well written novels. 
E)  Some novels that are not well written are novels that are not enjoyable. 
A)  All enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
B)  Some enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
C)  All well written novels are enjoyable novels. 
D)  No novels that are not enjoyable are well written novels. 
E)  Some novels that are not well written are novels that are not enjoyable.

Question 19

It is false that some funerals are gleeful occasions. Therefore, some funerals are not gleeful occasions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy.

Question 20

Categorical Proposition 1C
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit."

-In Categorical Proposition 1C, the subject term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some. 
B)  Corporations that are operating in the United States. 
C)  Enterprises. 
D)  Enterprises that are earning a profit. 
E)  Corporations. 
A)  Some. 
B)  Corporations that are operating in the United States. 
C)  Enterprises. 
D)  Enterprises that are earning a profit. 
E)  Corporations.

No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Some white supremacists are individuals involved in crime. Therefore, it is false that some white supremacists are not individuals involved in crime.

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The categorical proposition "Some debts are causes of insomnia" is an:

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Not every concert pianist is famous.

Categorical Proposition 1F Given the categorical proposition: "Some ID cards that are not easy documents to duplicate are forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet." -In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Not all birds can fly.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

It is false that some entrance exams are not occasions for panic. Therefore, some entrance exams are occasions for panic.

No expensive menu items are unappetizing meals. Therefore, no appetizing meals are inexpensive menu items.

None but scoundrels are villains.

Some religious displays are violations of the First Amendment. Therefore, some violations of the First Amendment are religious displays.

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

It is false that some funerals are gleeful occasions. Therefore, some funerals are not gleeful occasions.

Categorical Proposition 1C Given the categorical proposition: "Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit." -In Categorical Proposition 1C, the subject term is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Some white supremacists are individuals involved in crime. Therefore, it is false that some white supremacists are not individuals involved in crime.

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The categorical proposition "Some debts are causes of insomnia" is an:

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Not every concert pianist is famous.

Categorical Proposition 1F Given the categorical proposition: "Some ID cards that are not easy documents to duplicate are forgeries that are not readily available on the Internet." -In Categorical Proposition 1F, the predicate term is:

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Not all birds can fly.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

It is false that some entrance exams are not occasions for panic. Therefore, some entrance exams are occasions for panic.

No expensive menu items are unappetizing meals. Therefore, no appetizing meals are inexpensive menu items.

None but scoundrels are villains.

Some religious displays are violations of the First Amendment. Therefore, some violations of the First Amendment are religious displays.

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

It is false that some funerals are gleeful occasions. Therefore, some funerals are not gleeful occasions.

Categorical Proposition 1C Given the categorical proposition: "Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit." -In Categorical Proposition 1C, the subject term is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters