Question 1

A child screamed.

Accepted Answer

A)  All children are persons who screamed. 
B)  No persons who screamed are non-children. 
C)  Some children are persons who screamed. 
D)  Some children are persons who did not scream. 
E)  Some persons who screamed are not children. 
A)  All children are persons who screamed. 
B)  No persons who screamed are non-children. 
C)  Some children are persons who screamed. 
D)  Some children are persons who did not scream. 
E)  Some persons who screamed are not children.

Question 2

All computer games are opportunities for wasting time. Therefore, it is false that no computer games are opportunities for wasting time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 3

He says whatever comes to mind.

Accepted Answer

A)  All things he says are things that come to mind. 
B)  Some things he says are things that come to mind. 
C)  No things that do not come to mind are things he says. 
D)  All persons identical to him say whatever comes to mind. 
E)  All things that come to mind are things he says. 
A)  All things he says are things that come to mind. 
B)  Some things he says are things that come to mind. 
C)  No things that do not come to mind are things he says. 
D)  All persons identical to him say whatever comes to mind. 
E)  All things that come to mind are things he says.

Question 4

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (T) 
B)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are not B. (T) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (F) 
A)  No non-B are A. (T) 
B)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are not B. (T) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (F)

Question 5

All non-A are B. (T) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are not B. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are B. (T) 
A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are not B. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are B. (T)

Question 6

A few paintings are not for sale.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some paintings are not for sale. 
B)  Some paintings are items for sale, and some paintings are not items for sale. 
C)  Some paintings are items for sale. 
D)  Some items for sale are not paintings. 
E)  Some paintings are not items for sale. 
A)  Some paintings are not for sale. 
B)  Some paintings are items for sale, and some paintings are not items for sale. 
C)  Some paintings are items for sale. 
D)  Some items for sale are not paintings. 
E)  Some paintings are not items for sale.

Question 7

Categorical Proposition 1G
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's."

-In Categorical Proposition 1G, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period. 
B)  Auctioned by Christie's. 
C)  Works that are not being auctioned by Christie's. 
D)  Works. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period. 
B)  Auctioned by Christie's. 
C)  Works that are not being auctioned by Christie's. 
D)  Works. 
E)  None of these.

Question 8

Given the categorical proposition "No musicians are steam fitters." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All musicians are steam fitters. 
B)  All musicians are not steam fitters. 
C)  Some musicians are steam fitters. 
D)  Some musicians are not steam fitters. 
E)  All steam fitters are musicians. 
A)  All musicians are steam fitters. 
B)  All musicians are not steam fitters. 
C)  Some musicians are steam fitters. 
D)  Some musicians are not steam fitters. 
E)  All steam fitters are musicians.

Question 9

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
D)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
A)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
D)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.

Question 10

Only confident people are successful.

Accepted Answer

A)  All successful people are confident people. 
B)  Some people who are not confident are people who are not successful. 
C)  Some successful people are confident people. 
D)  All confident people are successful people. 
E)  No unsuccessful people are confident people. 
A)  All successful people are confident people. 
B)  Some people who are not confident are people who are not successful. 
C)  Some successful people are confident people. 
D)  All confident people are successful people. 
E)  No unsuccessful people are confident people.

Question 11

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
B)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
A)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
B)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed.

Question 12

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Obversion. (T) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Obversion. (T)

Question 13

Categorical Proposition 1H
Given the categorical proposition:
"All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale."

-In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative. 
B)  Are. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Particular. 
A)  Negative. 
B)  Are. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Particular.

Question 14

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 15

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  There is an X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1. 
A)  There is an X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1.

Question 16

An agate is not precious.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some agates are not precious stones. 
B)  All agates are not precious stones. 
C)  No things identical to an agate are stones that are precious. 
D)  No agates are precious stones. 
E)  All non-precious stones are stones that are not agates. 
A)  Some agates are not precious stones. 
B)  All agates are not precious stones. 
C)  No things identical to an agate are stones that are precious. 
D)  No agates are precious stones. 
E)  All non-precious stones are stones that are not agates.

Question 17

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.)

Question 18

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 19

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F)

Question 20

It is false that some vampires are sun worshippers. Therefore, it is false that all vampires are sun worshippers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

A child screamed.

All computer games are opportunities for wasting time. Therefore, it is false that no computer games are opportunities for wasting time.

He says whatever comes to mind.

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

All non-A are B. (T) Subalternation

A few paintings are not for sale.

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G, the predicate term is:

Given the categorical proposition "No musicians are steam fitters." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Only confident people are successful.

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Categorical Proposition 1H Given the categorical proposition: "All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale." -In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

An agate is not precious.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

It is false that some vampires are sun worshippers. Therefore, it is false that all vampires are sun worshippers.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

A child screamed.

All computer games are opportunities for wasting time. Therefore, it is false that no computer games are opportunities for wasting time.

He says whatever comes to mind.

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

All non-A are B. (T) Subalternation

A few paintings are not for sale.

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G, the predicate term is:

Given the categorical proposition "No musicians are steam fitters." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Only confident people are successful.

In the categorical proposition "Some body scans that are not invasive are acceptable measures in airports that are not targets of terrorists":

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Categorical Proposition 1H Given the categorical proposition: "All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale." -In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

An agate is not precious.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

It is false that some vampires are sun worshippers. Therefore, it is false that all vampires are sun worshippers.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters