Question 1

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 2

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 3

The categorical proposition "No power plants that are coal burners are facilities that fail to impact the environment":

Accepted Answer

A)  E-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  E-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  I-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 4

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are not B. (T) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  No A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.) 
A)  Some A are not B. (T) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  No A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.)

Question 5

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are B. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F) 
A)  All A are B. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F)

Question 6

She paints what she likes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
B)  All things she likes to paint are things she paints. 
C)  Some things are things she likes to paint, and some things are not things she likes to paint. 
D)  All things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
E)  All people identical to her paint what they like. 
A)  Some things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
B)  All things she likes to paint are things she paints. 
C)  Some things are things she likes to paint, and some things are not things she likes to paint. 
D)  All things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
E)  All people identical to her paint what they like.

Question 7

Not every house was damaged.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some houses were not damaged. 
B)  Some houses are things that were damaged. 
C)  No houses were damaged. 
D)  Some houses are not things that were damaged. 
E)  All houses are not things that were damaged. 
A)  Some houses were not damaged. 
B)  Some houses are things that were damaged. 
C)  No houses were damaged. 
D)  Some houses are not things that were damaged. 
E)  All houses are not things that were damaged.

Question 8

Some painkillers are not addictive medicines. Therefore, some painkillers are addictive medicines.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 9

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not B. (T) 
C)  No A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.) 
A)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not B. (T) 
C)  No A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.)

Question 10

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 11

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 12

Some non-A are not B. (T) Some non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Obversion. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Obversion. (T)

Question 13

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.) 
A)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are B. (F) 
C)  Some non-B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
E)  No A are B. (Und.)

Question 14

Birds are not mammals.

Accepted Answer

A)  All birds are not mammals. 
B)  Some mammals are not birds. 
C)  No non-mammals are birds. 
D)  No things identical to birds are things identical to mammals. 
E)  No birds are mammals. 
A)  All birds are not mammals. 
B)  Some mammals are not birds. 
C)  No non-mammals are birds. 
D)  No things identical to birds are things identical to mammals. 
E)  No birds are mammals.

Question 15

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 16

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contradiction. (F) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contradiction. (F)

Question 17

Categorical Proposition 1C
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit."

-In Categorical Proposition 1C, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are not. 
B)  Earning a profit. 
C)  Corporations that are operating in the United States. 
D)  Enterprises. 
E)  Enterprises that are earning a profit. 
A)  Are not. 
B)  Earning a profit. 
C)  Corporations that are operating in the United States. 
D)  Enterprises. 
E)  Enterprises that are earning a profit.

Question 18

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradictory. (F) 
A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradictory. (F)

Question 19

Given the categorical proposition "All banks are lending institutions." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some banks are lending institutions. 
B)  Some banks are not lending institutions. 
C)  All banks are not lending institutions. 
D)  No banks are lending institutions. 
E)  No banks are not lending institutions. 
A)  Some banks are lending institutions. 
B)  Some banks are not lending institutions. 
C)  All banks are not lending institutions. 
D)  No banks are lending institutions. 
E)  No banks are not lending institutions.

Question 20

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (F) 
E)  Obversion. (T) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (F) 
E)  Obversion. (T)

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

The categorical proposition "No power plants that are coal burners are facilities that fail to impact the environment":

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

She paints what she likes.

Not every house was damaged.

Some painkillers are not addictive medicines. Therefore, some painkillers are addictive medicines.

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Some non-A are not B. (T) Some non-A are B.

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Birds are not mammals.

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Categorical Proposition 1C Given the categorical proposition: "Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit." -In Categorical Proposition 1C, the predicate term is:

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Given the categorical proposition "All banks are lending institutions." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

The categorical proposition "No power plants that are coal burners are facilities that fail to impact the environment":

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

She paints what she likes.

Not every house was damaged.

Some painkillers are not addictive medicines. Therefore, some painkillers are addictive medicines.

All A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Some non-A are not B. (T) Some non-A are B.

Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition

Birds are not mammals.

Some gold watches are retirement gifts. Therefore, it is false that no gold watches are retirement gifts.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Categorical Proposition 1C Given the categorical proposition: "Some corporations that are operating in the United States are not enterprises that are earning a profit." -In Categorical Proposition 1C, the predicate term is:

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Given the categorical proposition "All banks are lending institutions." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters