Question 1

No non-A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-A are B. (F) 
B)  No non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  No B are A. (Und.) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are non-B. (T) 
A)  All non-A are B. (F) 
B)  No non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  No B are A. (Und.) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are non-B. (T)

Question 2

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is a circled X in Area 2 and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1 
E)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is a circled X in Area 2 and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1 
E)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.

Question 3

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (T)

Question 4

An eagle circled overhead.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
B)  Some eagles circled overhead. 
C)  All eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
D)  Some birds identical to eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
E)  All birds that circled overhead are eagles. 
A)  Some eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
B)  Some eagles circled overhead. 
C)  All eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
D)  Some birds identical to eagles are birds that circled overhead. 
E)  All birds that circled overhead are eagles.

Question 5

Alligators live in the Everglades.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some animals that live in the Everglades are not alligators. 
B)  Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades and some alligators are not animals that live in the Everglades. 
C)  Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades. 
D)  Some animals identical to alligators are animals that live in the Everglades. 
E)  All alligators are animals that live in the Everglades. 
A)  Some animals that live in the Everglades are not alligators. 
B)  Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades and some alligators are not animals that live in the Everglades. 
C)  Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades. 
D)  Some animals identical to alligators are animals that live in the Everglades. 
E)  All alligators are animals that live in the Everglades.

Question 6

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy.

Question 7

All A are non-B. (F) Contradictory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are B. (T) 
B)  All A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  No A are non-B. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
A)  Some A are B. (T) 
B)  All A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  No A are non-B. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (T)

Question 8

Not all parrots are colorful.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some parrots are not colorful birds. 
B)  Some parrots are colorful birds and some parrots are not colorful birds. 
C)  Some parrots are not colorful. 
D)  Some colorful birds are not parrots. 
E)  All parrots are not colorful birds. 
A)  Some parrots are not colorful birds. 
B)  Some parrots are colorful birds and some parrots are not colorful birds. 
C)  Some parrots are not colorful. 
D)  Some colorful birds are not parrots. 
E)  All parrots are not colorful birds.

Question 9

She says what she pleases.

Accepted Answer

A)  All persons identical to her say what they please. 
B)  All things she pleases to say are things she says. 
C)  Some things are things she pleases to say, and some things are not things she pleases to say. 
D)  All things she says are things she pleases to say. 
E)  Some things she says are things she pleases to say. 
A)  All persons identical to her say what they please. 
B)  All things she pleases to say are things she says. 
C)  Some things are things she pleases to say, and some things are not things she pleases to say. 
D)  All things she says are things she pleases to say. 
E)  Some things she says are things she pleases to say.

Question 10

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 11

Given the categorical proposition "Some asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
B)  Some asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
C)  No asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors. 
D)  No asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
E)  All asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors. 
A)  All asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
B)  Some asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
C)  No asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors. 
D)  No asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors. 
E)  All asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors.

Question 12

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 13

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (T)

Question 14

It is false that no genetic experiments are ethical procedures. Therefore, all genetic experiments are ethical procedures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contrary.

Question 15

Some poets are sensitive souls. Therefore, some poets are not insensitive souls.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 16

All pizzas are high calorie meals. Therefore, some pizzas are high calorie meals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 17

No tooth fairies are philanthropists. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are philanthropists.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subalternation.

Question 18

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 19

Wherever there is poverty there is crime.

Accepted Answer

A)  All places there is poverty are places there is crime. 
B)  All places there is no poverty are places there is no crime. 
C)  All places there is crime are places there is poverty. 
D)  All times there is poverty are times there is crime. 
E)  Some places there is poverty are places there is crime. 
A)  All places there is poverty are places there is crime. 
B)  All places there is no poverty are places there is no crime. 
C)  All places there is crime are places there is poverty. 
D)  All times there is poverty are times there is crime. 
E)  Some places there is poverty are places there is crime.

Question 20

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (F) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
A)  Contraposition. (F) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.)

No non-A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

An eagle circled overhead.

Alligators live in the Everglades.

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

All A are non-B. (F) Contradictory.

Not all parrots are colorful.

She says what she pleases.

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Given the categorical proposition "Some asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

It is false that no genetic experiments are ethical procedures. Therefore, all genetic experiments are ethical procedures.

Some poets are sensitive souls. Therefore, some poets are not insensitive souls.

All pizzas are high calorie meals. Therefore, some pizzas are high calorie meals.

No tooth fairies are philanthropists. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are philanthropists.

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Wherever there is poverty there is crime.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

No non-A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

An eagle circled overhead.

Alligators live in the Everglades.

Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.

All A are non-B. (F) Contradictory.

Not all parrots are colorful.

She says what she pleases.

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Given the categorical proposition "Some asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

It is false that no genetic experiments are ethical procedures. Therefore, all genetic experiments are ethical procedures.

Some poets are sensitive souls. Therefore, some poets are not insensitive souls.

All pizzas are high calorie meals. Therefore, some pizzas are high calorie meals.

No tooth fairies are philanthropists. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are philanthropists.

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Wherever there is poverty there is crime.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters