Question 1

Memorial Day never occurs in June.

Accepted Answer

A)  All times that are not June are times Memorial Day occurs. 
B)  No times Memorial Day occurs are times in June. 
C)  All times Memorial Day occurs are not times in June. 
D)  All times in June are not times Memorial Day occurs. 
E)  No Memorial Days are in June. 
A)  All times that are not June are times Memorial Day occurs. 
B)  No times Memorial Day occurs are times in June. 
C)  All times Memorial Day occurs are not times in June. 
D)  All times in June are not times Memorial Day occurs. 
E)  No Memorial Days are in June.

Question 2

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are not non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are not A. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not A. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are not non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are not A. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some non-B are not A. (Und.)

Question 3

It is false that all diets are programs that retard aging. Therefore, no diets are programs that retard aging.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 4

No credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights. Therefore, it is false that all credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 5

It is false that no student loans are heavy financial burdens. Therefore, all student loans are heavy financial burdens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 6

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  All A are B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F) 
A)  No non-B are A. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  All A are B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F)

Question 7

Categorical Proposition 1E
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers."

-In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The term complement of the predicate. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate. 
A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The term complement of the predicate. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate.

Question 8

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
B)  All psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
C)  Some life-threatening maladies are not psychological quirks. 
D)  All psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies. 
E)  No psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
A)  Some psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
B)  All psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies. 
C)  Some life-threatening maladies are not psychological quirks. 
D)  All psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies. 
E)  No psychological quirks are life-threatening maladies.

Question 9

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  All B are non-A. (F) 
D)  No A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (F) 
A)  No B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  All B are non-A. (F) 
D)  No A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (F)

Question 10

Some flying horses are dependable steeds. Therefore, some dependable steeds are flying horses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit obversion.

Question 11

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.)

Question 12

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 13

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  S-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  I-proposition. 
A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  S-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  I-proposition.

Question 14

Only cats are felines.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some non-cats are not felines. 
B)  All felines are cats. 
C)  All cats are felines. 
D)  Some cats are felines. 
E)  All things identical to a cat are things identical to a feline. 
A)  Some non-cats are not felines. 
B)  All felines are cats. 
C)  All cats are felines. 
D)  Some cats are felines. 
E)  All things identical to a cat are things identical to a feline.

Question 15

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  There is an X in Area 1. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
A)  There is an X in Area 1. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded. 
E)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

Question 16

Some compact cars are hybrids. Therefore, it is false that no compact cars are hybrids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, Illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy.

Question 17

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 18

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (F) 
E)  Contradictory. (T) 
A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (F) 
E)  Contradictory. (T)

Question 19

Given the categorical proposition "All elections are turning points." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All elections are not turning points. 
B)  Some turning points are not elections. 
C)  No elections are turning points. 
D)  Some elections are turning points. 
E)  Some elections are not turning points. 
A)  All elections are not turning points. 
B)  Some turning points are not elections. 
C)  No elections are turning points. 
D)  Some elections are turning points. 
E)  Some elections are not turning points.

Question 20

Shoes are not comfortable unless they fit well.

Accepted Answer

A)  All comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
B)  No uncomfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
C)  Some comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
D)  All shoes that fit well are comfortable shoes. 
E)  All uncomfortable shoes are shoes that do not fit well. 
A)  All comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
B)  No uncomfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
C)  Some comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well. 
D)  All shoes that fit well are comfortable shoes. 
E)  All uncomfortable shoes are shoes that do not fit well.

Memorial Day never occurs in June.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

It is false that all diets are programs that retard aging. Therefore, no diets are programs that retard aging.

No credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights. Therefore, it is false that all credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights.

It is false that no student loans are heavy financial burdens. Therefore, all student loans are heavy financial burdens.

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

Categorical Proposition 1E Given the categorical proposition: "Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers." -In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Some flying horses are dependable steeds. Therefore, some dependable steeds are flying horses.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

Only cats are felines.

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Some compact cars are hybrids. Therefore, it is false that no compact cars are hybrids.

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Given the categorical proposition "All elections are turning points." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Shoes are not comfortable unless they fit well.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Memorial Day never occurs in June.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion

It is false that all diets are programs that retard aging. Therefore, no diets are programs that retard aging.

No credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights. Therefore, it is false that all credit card companies are supporters of consumer rights.

It is false that no student loans are heavy financial burdens. Therefore, all student loans are heavy financial burdens.

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

Categorical Proposition 1E Given the categorical proposition: "Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers." -In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Given the categorical proposition "Some psychological quirks are not life-threatening maladies." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Some flying horses are dependable steeds. Therefore, some dependable steeds are flying horses.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

Only cats are felines.

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Some compact cars are hybrids. Therefore, it is false that no compact cars are hybrids.

It is false that no sunsets are glorious scenes. Therefore, it is false that some sunsets are not glorious scenes.

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Given the categorical proposition "All elections are turning points." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Shoes are not comfortable unless they fit well.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters