Question 1

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T) 
A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T)

Question 2

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are non-A. (Und.) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are non-A. (Und.) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.)

Question 3

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 4

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people who occupy the next apartment are not party animals. 
B)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment and some party animals are not people who occupy the next apartment. 
C)  Some party animals occupy the next apartment. 
D)  All party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
E)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
A)  Some people who occupy the next apartment are not party animals. 
B)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment and some party animals are not people who occupy the next apartment. 
C)  Some party animals occupy the next apartment. 
D)  All party animals are people who occupy the next apartment. 
E)  Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment.

Question 5

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy.

Question 6

Valentine's Day is in February.

Accepted Answer

A)  All Valentine's Days are in February. 
B)  No days that are not in February are days that are not identical to Valentine's Day. 
C)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are in February. 
D)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are days in February. 
E)  Some days in February are days identical to Valentine's Day. 
A)  All Valentine's Days are in February. 
B)  No days that are not in February are days that are not identical to Valentine's Day. 
C)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are in February. 
D)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are days in February. 
E)  Some days in February are days identical to Valentine's Day.

Question 7

It is false that some leprechauns are not cobblers. Therefore, it is false that no leprechauns are cobblers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
A)  Valid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid; existential fallacy.

Question 8

A locust is a grasshopper.

Accepted Answer

A)  All things identical to a locust are things identical to a grasshopper. 
B)  All locusts are grasshoppers. 
C)  All grasshoppers are locusts. 
D)  Some locusts are grasshoppers. 
E)  No non-locusts are non-grasshoppers. 
A)  All things identical to a locust are things identical to a grasshopper. 
B)  All locusts are grasshoppers. 
C)  All grasshoppers are locusts. 
D)  Some locusts are grasshoppers. 
E)  No non-locusts are non-grasshoppers.

Question 9

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid.

Question 10

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F) 
A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F)

Question 11

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some A are B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are B. (F) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some A are B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 12

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 13

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Accepted Answer

A)  All tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
B)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
C)  Some wrenches are tools that are rusted and some wrenches are not tools that are rusted. 
D)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted, and all tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
E)  All tools that are not rusted are wrenches. 
A)  All tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
B)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
C)  Some wrenches are tools that are rusted and some wrenches are not tools that are rusted. 
D)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted, and all tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
E)  All tools that are not rusted are wrenches.

Question 14

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (F) 
A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (F)

Question 15

A few heroes are not recognized.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some heroes are recognized persons, and some heroes are not recognized persons. 
B)  Some heroes are not recognized persons. 
C)  Some heroes are recognized persons. 
D)  Some recognized persons are not heroes. 
E)  Some heroes are not recognized. 
A)  Some heroes are recognized persons, and some heroes are not recognized persons. 
B)  Some heroes are not recognized persons. 
C)  Some heroes are recognized persons. 
D)  Some recognized persons are not heroes. 
E)  Some heroes are not recognized.

Question 16

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the subject term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Houseboats. 
B)  Leaky vessels. 
C)  Vessels that are safe dwellings. 
D)  Safe dwellings. 
E)  Houseboats that are leaky vessels. 
A)  Houseboats. 
B)  Leaky vessels. 
C)  Vessels that are safe dwellings. 
D)  Safe dwellings. 
E)  Houseboats that are leaky vessels.

Question 17

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
B)  All teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
C)  No teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
D)  All teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
E)  Some teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
A)  Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
B)  All teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
C)  No teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
D)  All teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
E)  Some teaching careers are unrewarding occupations.

Question 18

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 19

The statement "Some climatic changes are occurrences caused by interstellar dust" is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  I-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  S-proposition. 
A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  I-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  S-proposition.

Question 20

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  No non-B are A. (F) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  No non-B are A. (F)

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Valentine's Day is in February.

It is false that some leprechauns are not cobblers. Therefore, it is false that no leprechauns are cobblers.

A locust is a grasshopper.

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

A few heroes are not recognized.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the subject term is:

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

The statement "Some climatic changes are occurrences caused by interstellar dust" is a(n):

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Party animals occupy the next apartment.

Some important writers are not unpopular figures. Therefore, some popular figures are not unimportant writers.

Valentine's Day is in February.

It is false that some leprechauns are not cobblers. Therefore, it is false that no leprechauns are cobblers.

A locust is a grasshopper.

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subcontrary

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.

A few heroes are not recognized.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the subject term is:

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some fantasy films are enjoyable pastimes. Therefore, some fantasy films are not unenjoyable pastimes.

The statement "Some climatic changes are occurrences caused by interstellar dust" is a(n):

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters