Question 1

Few capitalists are truly generous.

Accepted Answer

A)  All capitalists are people who are seldom generous. 
B)  No capitalists are truly generous people. 
C)  Some capitalists are truly generous people. 
D)  Some capitalists are truly generous people, and some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
E)  Some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
A)  All capitalists are people who are seldom generous. 
B)  No capitalists are truly generous people. 
C)  Some capitalists are truly generous people. 
D)  Some capitalists are truly generous people, and some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
E)  Some capitalists are not truly generous people.

Question 2

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some actors are shy performers. 
B)  No actors are shy performers. 
C)  All actors are shy performers. 
D)  All actors are not shy performers. 
E)  Some actors are not shy performers. 
A)  Some actors are shy performers. 
B)  No actors are shy performers. 
C)  All actors are shy performers. 
D)  All actors are not shy performers. 
E)  Some actors are not shy performers.

Question 3

There is a bed in the attic.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some beds are not things in the attic. 
B)  Some beds are things in the attic. 
C)  All attics are things that contain a bed. 
D)  Some beds are in the attic. 
E)  Some beds are things in the attic and some beds are not things in the attic. 
A)  Some beds are not things in the attic. 
B)  Some beds are things in the attic. 
C)  All attics are things that contain a bed. 
D)  Some beds are in the attic. 
E)  Some beds are things in the attic and some beds are not things in the attic.

Question 4

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some A are not B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (F) 
A)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some A are not B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (F)

Question 5

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 6

It is false that some rare coins are worthless collectibles. Therefore, it is false that all rare coins are worthless collectibles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Valid.

Question 7

Some dark haired pixies are elves that play tricks. Therefore, some elves that do not play tricks are light haired pixies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy.

Question 8

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T)

Question 9

Categorical Proposition 1H
Given the categorical proposition:
"All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale."

-In Categorical Proposition 1H, the predicate term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Articles that are currently on sale. 
B)  Articles. 
C)  Urns that are not made of marble. 
D)  Currently on sale. 
E)  Made of marble. 
A)  Articles that are currently on sale. 
B)  Articles. 
C)  Urns that are not made of marble. 
D)  Currently on sale. 
E)  Made of marble.

Question 10

Categorical Proposition 1G
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's."

-In Categorical Proposition 1G:

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
A)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed.

Question 11

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1 and in Area 2. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1 and in Area 2.

Question 12

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 13

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (T)

Question 14

The only articles on the shelf are vases.

Accepted Answer

A)  All articles on the shelf are vases. 
B)  All things identical to vases are articles on the shelf. 
C)  All vases are articles on the shelf. 
D)  Some articles on the shelf are vases. 
E)  No articles not on the shelf are vases. 
A)  All articles on the shelf are vases. 
B)  All things identical to vases are articles on the shelf. 
C)  All vases are articles on the shelf. 
D)  Some articles on the shelf are vases. 
E)  No articles not on the shelf are vases.

Question 15

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion.

Question 16

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things in Berlin are not things identical to the Eiffel Tower. 
B)  All things like the Eiffel Tower are things that are not in Berlin. 
C)  All things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not in Berlin. 
D)  Some things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not things in Berlin. 
E)  No things identical to the Eiffel Tower are things in Berlin. 
A)  Some things in Berlin are not things identical to the Eiffel Tower. 
B)  All things like the Eiffel Tower are things that are not in Berlin. 
C)  All things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not in Berlin. 
D)  Some things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not things in Berlin. 
E)  No things identical to the Eiffel Tower are things in Berlin.

Question 17

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 18

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradiction. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Subalternation. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contradiction. (F) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Subalternation. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.)

Question 19

Pamela is not in the room.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
B)  All people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
C)  Some people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
D)  All people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
E)  No people identical to Pamela are people in the room. 
A)  Some people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
B)  All people identical to Pamela are not people in the room. 
C)  Some people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
D)  All people in the room are not people identical to Pamela. 
E)  No people identical to Pamela are people in the room.

Question 20

Some butterflies are not non-birds. Therefore, some butterflies are birds.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Few capitalists are truly generous.

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

There is a bed in the attic.

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

It is false that some rare coins are worthless collectibles. Therefore, it is false that all rare coins are worthless collectibles.

Some dark haired pixies are elves that play tricks. Therefore, some elves that do not play tricks are light haired pixies.

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Categorical Proposition 1H Given the categorical proposition: "All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale." -In Categorical Proposition 1H, the predicate term is:

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G:

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

The only articles on the shelf are vases.

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Pamela is not in the room.

Some butterflies are not non-birds. Therefore, some butterflies are birds.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Few capitalists are truly generous.

Given the categorical proposition "Some actors are not shy performers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

There is a bed in the attic.

No A are non-B. (T) Subalternation

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

It is false that some rare coins are worthless collectibles. Therefore, it is false that all rare coins are worthless collectibles.

Some dark haired pixies are elves that play tricks. Therefore, some elves that do not play tricks are light haired pixies.

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Categorical Proposition 1H Given the categorical proposition: "All urns that are not made of marble are articles that are currently on sale." -In Categorical Proposition 1H, the predicate term is:

Categorical Proposition 1G Given the categorical proposition: "Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie's." -In Categorical Proposition 1G:

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

The only articles on the shelf are vases.

No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Pamela is not in the room.

Some butterflies are not non-birds. Therefore, some butterflies are birds.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters