Question 1

Isotype switching occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  an antibody changes which class it is. 
B)  a B cell changes which antibody class it is producing. 
C)  a B cell switches which epitope it recognizes. 
D)  an antibody changes epitope it can recognize. 
E)  activated B cells differentiate into either plasma or memory cells. 
A)  an antibody changes which class it is. 
B)  a B cell changes which antibody class it is producing. 
C)  a B cell switches which epitope it recognizes. 
D)  an antibody changes epitope it can recognize. 
E)  activated B cells differentiate into either plasma or memory cells.

Question 2

The graph shows

Accepted Answer

A)  immunological memory. 
B)  secondary antigen exposure. 
C)  primary antigen exposure. 
D)  natural passive immunity. 
E)  likely immune response upon exposure to a pathogen for which the patient has been vaccinated. 
A)  immunological memory. 
B)  secondary antigen exposure. 
C)  primary antigen exposure. 
D)  natural passive immunity. 
E)  likely immune response upon exposure to a pathogen for which the patient has been vaccinated.

Question 3

The most abundant antibody class in the body, found in all body fluids, is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM. 
A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM.

Question 4

The antibody class which is involved in fighting parasites is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM. 
A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM.

Question 5

Postexposure prophylaxis, a form of artificial passive immunity, is often given when a person is bitten by an animal that is suspected of having rabies, or if the rabies- status of the animal cannot be confirmed. What specifically, is being given to the patient in this type of treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen- presenting cells which increase the rate at which the rabies antigens can be presented to T cells for activation 
B)  effector B and T cells from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
C)  antibodies harvested from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
D)  memory cells from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
E)  antigens from the rabies virus 
A)  antigen- presenting cells which increase the rate at which the rabies antigens can be presented to T cells for activation 
B)  effector B and T cells from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
C)  antibodies harvested from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
D)  memory cells from a host who has developed an immune response to the rabies virus 
E)  antigens from the rabies virus

Question 6

How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and its effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen. 
B)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and is specific to a pathogen. 
C)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory. 
D)  Adaptive immunity is specific to each pathogen. 
E)  Adaptive immunity's effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen. 
A)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and its effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen. 
B)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory and is specific to a pathogen. 
C)  Adaptive immunity generates immunological memory. 
D)  Adaptive immunity is specific to each pathogen. 
E)  Adaptive immunity's effects are immediate upon exposure to a pathogen.

Question 7

Generally, the first antibody class made upon a primary antigen exposure is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM. 
A)  IgA. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgE. 
D)  IgG. 
E)  IgM.

Question 8

Pregnant women are usually advised to be vaccinated against influenza to protect themselves and the baby after birth. The mother will acquire _ _ immunity from the vaccine while the baby will acquire _ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial passive; artificial passive 
B)  natural active; natural passive 
C)  artificial active; artificial active 
D)  artificial active; natural passive 
E)  artificial active; artificial passive 
A)  artificial passive; artificial passive 
B)  natural active; natural passive 
C)  artificial active; artificial active 
D)  artificial active; natural passive 
E)  artificial active; artificial passive

Question 9

All the following apply to B cells except

Accepted Answer

A)  originate in the bone marrow. 
B)  reside in the lymphoid tissue. 
C)  mature in the bone marrow. 
D)  play a critical role in both the cellular and humoral responses. 
E)  coordinate the humoral response by making antibodies. 
A)  originate in the bone marrow. 
B)  reside in the lymphoid tissue. 
C)  mature in the bone marrow. 
D)  play a critical role in both the cellular and humoral responses. 
E)  coordinate the humoral response by making antibodies.

Question 10

Which is not a step in the process of B cell activation by a T- dependent antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction between co- stimulatory proteins on the B and T cells 
B)  release of cytokines by the T helper cell provide the second activation signal for the B cell 
C)  processing and displaying the antigen with MHC II on the B cell 
D)  binding of the antigen to a T helper cell receptor 
E)  binding of the antigen to the B cell receptor 
A)  interaction between co- stimulatory proteins on the B and T cells 
B)  release of cytokines by the T helper cell provide the second activation signal for the B cell 
C)  processing and displaying the antigen with MHC II on the B cell 
D)  binding of the antigen to a T helper cell receptor 
E)  binding of the antigen to the B cell receptor

Question 11

The branches of adaptive immunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  the cellular response and the memory response. 
B)  the cellular response and the humoral response. 
C)  the humoral response and the memory response. 
D)  the antigen response and the memory response. 
E)  the cellular response, the humoral response, and the memory response. 
A)  the cellular response and the memory response. 
B)  the cellular response and the humoral response. 
C)  the humoral response and the memory response. 
D)  the antigen response and the memory response. 
E)  the cellular response, the humoral response, and the memory response.

Question 12

Which of the following is not required for T cell activation?

Accepted Answer

A)  bound antigen 
B)  involvement of CD4 or CD8 
C)  co- stimulatory proteins 
D)  antibody 
E)  MHC I or II 
A)  bound antigen 
B)  involvement of CD4 or CD8 
C)  co- stimulatory proteins 
D)  antibody 
E)  MHC I or II

Question 13

Which T cell class is incorrectly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treg: ensures that immune responses subside once a threat subsides 
B)  TH2: stimulate B cells to make antibodies 
C)  TH1: stimulate TC cells 
D)  TH: identified by the CD4 proteins on the cell surface 
E)  TC: attack other T cells during self- tolerance screening 
A)  Treg: ensures that immune responses subside once a threat subsides 
B)  TH2: stimulate B cells to make antibodies 
C)  TH1: stimulate TC cells 
D)  TH: identified by the CD4 proteins on the cell surface 
E)  TC: attack other T cells during self- tolerance screening

Question 14

Describe the basic structure of an antibody and detail the function of each of the 5 antibody classes.

Accepted Answer

Each antibody molecule is made up of fou

Question 15

What is the role of B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  to release the cytokines needs for immune cell stimulation 
B)  to combine with haptens so they can stimulate an immune response 
C)  to communicate with lymphocytes and other white blood cells 
D)  to recognize specific epitopes of an antigen 
E)  to release chemicals which destroy pathogens 
A)  to release the cytokines needs for immune cell stimulation 
B)  to combine with haptens so they can stimulate an immune response 
C)  to communicate with lymphocytes and other white blood cells 
D)  to recognize specific epitopes of an antigen 
E)  to release chemicals which destroy pathogens

Question 16

Antibodies do all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increase phagocytosis by agglutination of antigens. 
B)  neutralize antigens to prevent binding to host cells. 
C)  increase phagocytosis by opsonization. 
D)  activate the complement cascade. 
E)  activate killing by T cytotoxic cells. 
A)  increase phagocytosis by agglutination of antigens. 
B)  neutralize antigens to prevent binding to host cells. 
C)  increase phagocytosis by opsonization. 
D)  activate the complement cascade. 
E)  activate killing by T cytotoxic cells.

Question 17

List and describe the four stages that occur during both the cellular and humoral response.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 is antigen presentation. Antigen

Question 18

Which statement is not true about T cell subclass differentiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regardless of which T helper cell subclass develops during an immune response, the humoral response is not impacted. 
B)  T cell subclass differentiation is caused by the release of cytokines that is influenced by the antigen's nature and the amount present. 
C)  Each subclass will include both effector and memory cells. 
D)  Particular combinations of cytokines will favor the development of some T cell subclasses over others. 
E)  Which specific T helper cell subclass that develops may impact the progression and outcome of an infectious disease. 
A)  Regardless of which T helper cell subclass develops during an immune response, the humoral response is not impacted. 
B)  T cell subclass differentiation is caused by the release of cytokines that is influenced by the antigen's nature and the amount present. 
C)  Each subclass will include both effector and memory cells. 
D)  Particular combinations of cytokines will favor the development of some T cell subclasses over others. 
E)  Which specific T helper cell subclass that develops may impact the progression and outcome of an infectious disease.

Question 19

A patient with a high antibody titer to a pathogen for which there is no vaccination indicates that this person is currently infected with the pathogen or was infected in the past.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Allorecognition occurs when B and T cells are screened for self- tolerance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Adaptive Immunity

Isotype switching occurs when

The graph shows

The most abundant antibody class in the body, found in all body fluids, is

The antibody class which is involved in fighting parasites is

Postexposure prophylaxis, a form of artificial passive immunity, is often given when a person is bitten by an animal that is suspected of having rabies, or if the rabies- status of the animal cannot be confirmed. What specifically, is being given to the patient in this type of treatment?

How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

Generally, the first antibody class made upon a primary antigen exposure is

Pregnant women are usually advised to be vaccinated against influenza to protect themselves and the baby after birth. The mother will acquire _ _ immunity from the vaccine while the baby will acquire _ immunity.

All the following apply to B cells except

Which is not a step in the process of B cell activation by a T- dependent antigen?

The branches of adaptive immunity are

Which of the following is not required for T cell activation?

Which T cell class is incorrectly matched with its description?

Describe the basic structure of an antibody and detail the function of each of the 5 antibody classes.

What is the role of B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) in the immune response?

Antibodies do all the following except

List and describe the four stages that occur during both the cellular and humoral response.

Which statement is not true about T cell subclass differentiation?

A patient with a high antibody titer to a pathogen for which there is no vaccination indicates that this person is currently infected with the pathogen or was infected in the past.

Allorecognition occurs when B and T cells are screened for self- tolerance.

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