Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

A case study is a(n):

When pseudoscientists fail to deliver on their promises, they invariably offer a variety of excuses, a strategy called "multipleouts."

One criticism of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was that:

The experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the participants, are aware of the critical information about the experiment is called the double-blind technique.

Psychoanalysis emphasized the role of early childhood experience and unconscious conflicts in the development ofpersonality.

The word pseudo means "rare" or ―unusual."

In science, the responsibility for proving the validity of a claim rests with those making the claim.

The participants assigned to the experimental group orcondition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Dr. Jakel is a psychologist who studies basic topics inpsychology, such as learning, memory, sensation, andperception. Dr. Jakel's area of specialization is ______psychology.

Theresa is attracted to a relatively new area of psychology thatfocuses on the conditions and processes that contribute tooptimal functioning of people, groups, and institutions. She believes that psychology should be concerned with topics such as personal happiness, optimism, creativity, wisdom, and theinstitutions that foster these qualities in individuals andcommunities. Her views are most consistent with the _____perspective in psychology.

During the month-long hotel experiment conducted by Crumand Langer, hotel management confirmed that the workload ofthe housekeeping staff remained constant in both conditions throughout the study.

Dr. McNair has been studying the effects of different levels ofestrogen hormones on mating behaviors in male and femalehamsters. Dr. McNair is most likely a _____ psychologist.

According to Science Versus Pseudoscience, which of the following items is NOT one of the strategies used by proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?

Random assignment helps ensure that potential differences among participants are spread out across all experimental conditions.

The four basic goals of psychology are to (1) describe, (2)explain, (3) predict, and (4) influence behavior.

The confirmation bias refers to the empirical or scientific evidence that is used to confirm or support pseudoscientific claims.

The idea that brain imaging may add little to explanations of psychological processes and are not necessarily more"scientific" than other approaches psychologists take are two ofthe limitations listed in Focus on Neuroscience.

Which of the following descriptions is a definition of the confirmation bias?

Mary Whiton Calkins was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association and the author of acomprehensive textbook on psychology.

In Dr. Foster's study, one group is given a new medication thatis believed to reduce anxiety. Another group is given amedication that looks like the real medication but has none ofthe active ingredients in it to affect anxiety. In this experiment,the experimental group is the: