Question 1

Extraneous variables are factors other than the ones being studied that, if not controlled, could affect the outcome of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

As you flip through the television channels, you come across the"Psychic Circle," which advertises "psychics" who use"scientifically proven methods" to see the future. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) empirical evidence. 
B) applied critical thinking. 
C) the practice effect. 
D) a pseudoscientific claim. 
A) empirical evidence. 
B) applied critical thinking. 
C) the practice effect. 
D) a pseudoscientific claim.

Question 3

The critical thinker first draws conclusions and then evaluates the evidence for the conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Williams James's book titled Principles of Psychology provided the basis for the development of a new school of psychology called behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The term _____ refers to the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) ethnocentrism 
B) expectancy effect 
C) empirical 
D) collectivistic 
A) ethnocentrism 
B) expectancy effect 
C) empirical 
D) collectivistic

Question 6

Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of:

Accepted Answer

A) mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem solving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language. 
B) children with special needs, such as autistic children or those 
C) how people are affected by their social
environments. 
D) the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychological disorders. 
A) mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem solving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language. 
B) children with special needs, such as autistic children or those 
C) how people are affected by their social
environments. 
D) the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychological disorders.

Question 7

Which of the following numbers is NOT a possible correlationcoefficient?

Accepted Answer

A) +1.00 
B) -.98 
C) +1.72 
D) +.54 
A) +1.00 
B) -.98 
C) +1.72 
D) +.54

Question 8

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Freud, glimpses of unconscious impulses wererevealed in everyday life in dreams, memory blocks, and slips ofthe tongue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which school of psychology would agree that "psychologyshould stress the study of how behavior and mental processesallow people and animals to adapt to their environments"?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) behaviorism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) structuralism 
B) behaviorism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 11

Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the followingphenomena?

Accepted Answer

A) nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism 
B) fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual and auditory stimuli 
C) mental disorders and abnormal behavior 
D) damaged areas of the human brain 
A) nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism 
B) fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual and auditory stimuli 
C) mental disorders and abnormal behavior 
D) damaged areas of the human brain

Question 12

A representative sample very closely matches the population from which it is drawn.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Professor Wallace studied over 3,000 elderly individuals for adecade and found a statistically significant relationship between survival rate and number of close friends. Specifically, he found that elderly individuals with few close friends had a much higher death rate. To say that the results of his study are"statistically significant" means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the finding has great practical value and significance. 
B) there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables. 
C) the finding does not have to be replicated to be accepted by the scientific community. 
D) the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance. 
A) the finding has great practical value and significance. 
B) there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables. 
C) the finding does not have to be replicated to be accepted by the scientific community. 
D) the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance.

Question 14

Using nonhuman animal participants in research studies allows psychologists to exert a much higher degree of control over the experimental participants' environment than when human participants are involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored ascientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A cognitive psychologist decides to study the effects of chesspractice on math abilities in middle school students. All students are tested on a standard math test at the beginning ofthe study. Students are then randomly assigned to a chess group and a control group. Students in the chess group spendthirty minutes every school day learning chess strategy and playing chess. Students in the no-chess control group spend thirty minutes every school day watching educational television.At the end of three months, students take another standardized math test. The improvement or decline in their test score is computed and compared across the two groups. In this experiment, what is the DEPENDENT variable?

Accepted Answer

A) the change in math test scores 
B) playing chess or watching educational television 
C) improvement in chess-playing ability 
D) the number of chess matches won 
A) the change in math test scores 
B) playing chess or watching educational television 
C) improvement in chess-playing ability 
D) the number of chess matches won

Question 17

Like earlier psychologists, Watson and the behaviorists focused on the study of mental processes and conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The results of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were that the informed group participants showed significant improvements in all physical health measures except diastolic blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients'psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients'early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral 
B) biological 
C) psychodynamic 
D) humanistic 
A) behavioral 
B) biological 
C) psychodynamic 
D) humanistic

Question 20

The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to:

Accepted Answer

A) guard against the possibility that the researcher will treat participants differently or communicate the behavior that is expected of the participants. 
B) guard against the release of confidential information. 
C) guarantee the anonymity of the participants. 
D) determine which participants will be exposed to the dependent variable. 
A) guard against the possibility that the researcher will treat participants differently or communicate the behavior that is expected of the participants. 
B) guard against the release of confidential information. 
C) guarantee the anonymity of the participants. 
D) determine which participants will be exposed to the dependent variable.

Extraneous variables are factors other than the ones being studied that, if not controlled, could affect the outcome of the experiment.

As you flip through the television channels, you come across the"Psychic Circle," which advertises "psychics" who use"scientifically proven methods" to see the future. This is an example of:

The critical thinker first draws conclusions and then evaluates the evidence for the conclusions.

Williams James's book titled Principles of Psychology provided the basis for the development of a new school of psychology called behaviorism.

The term _____ refers to the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.

Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of:

Which of the following numbers is NOT a possible correlationcoefficient?

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

According to Freud, glimpses of unconscious impulses wererevealed in everyday life in dreams, memory blocks, and slips ofthe tongue.

Which school of psychology would agree that "psychologyshould stress the study of how behavior and mental processesallow people and animals to adapt to their environments"?

Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the followingphenomena?

A representative sample very closely matches the population from which it is drawn.

Using nonhuman animal participants in research studies allows psychologists to exert a much higher degree of control over the experimental participants' environment than when human participants are involved.

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored ascientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

Like earlier psychologists, Watson and the behaviorists focused on the study of mental processes and conscious experience.

The results of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were that the informed group participants showed significant improvements in all physical health measures except diastolic blood pressure.

Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients'psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients'early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

Extraneous variables are factors other than the ones being studied that, if not controlled, could affect the outcome of the experiment.

As you flip through the television channels, you come across the"Psychic Circle," which advertises "psychics" who use"scientifically proven methods" to see the future. This is an example of:

The critical thinker first draws conclusions and then evaluates the evidence for the conclusions.

Williams James's book titled Principles of Psychology provided the basis for the development of a new school of psychology called behaviorism.

The term _____ refers to the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.

Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of:

Which of the following numbers is NOT a possible correlationcoefficient?

In one natural experiment investigating weight-gain during the first year of college, it was found that female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but they did not report gaining weight.

According to Freud, glimpses of unconscious impulses wererevealed in everyday life in dreams, memory blocks, and slips ofthe tongue.

Which school of psychology would agree that "psychologyshould stress the study of how behavior and mental processesallow people and animals to adapt to their environments"?

Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the followingphenomena?

A representative sample very closely matches the population from which it is drawn.

Using nonhuman animal participants in research studies allows psychologists to exert a much higher degree of control over the experimental participants' environment than when human participants are involved.

Followers of the school of functionalism strongly favored ascientific method called introspection and emphasized studying the most basic components of conscious experience.

Like earlier psychologists, Watson and the behaviorists focused on the study of mental processes and conscious experience.

The results of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were that the informed group participants showed significant improvements in all physical health measures except diastolic blood pressure.

Dr. Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients'psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients'early life experiences. Dr. Ramen takes the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters