Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

A pseudoscience is a:

A clinical psychologist holds a doctorate in psychology whereas a psychiatrist holds a medical degree.

Correlational research is useful because it can:

One criticism of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was that members of the informed group might have engaged in more exercise, eaten healthier foods, and so on after being told about the benefits of exercise even though they reported no changes in their behavior.

Dr. Woods is studying the degree to which primates seem todisplay logic and insight in figuring out a variety of puzzles andother simple problems. Dr. Woods is most likely a(n) _____psychologist.

Which early school of psychology examined how psychologycould be applied to education, child rearing, and the work environment?

In evaluating psychological research presented in the massmedia, it is important to look for the elements of good research design, including control groups, operational definitions of the variables being studied, and randomly assigning participants tothe study conditions.

All psychologists are automatically health psychologists because they are trained to administer psychotherapy to people with mental disorders.

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that tries to integrateand account for the relationship of various findings and observations.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivisticcultures?

Psychologists who take the evolutionary perspective apply the principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.

More than 2,000 years ago, the Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep,dreams, the senses, and memory.

An operational definition is:

Many of the issues that are central to contemporary psychology have been debated for hundreds of years.

The results of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment werethat:

Psychologists' open-minded attitude is tempered by a healthy sense of scientific skepticism. That is, psychologists critically evaluate the evidence for new findings, especially those that seem contrary to established knowledge.

Behaviorism was characterized by:

Professor Lyon decided to study food preferences of U.S.college students, so he asked his students to volunteer toparticipate in a lengthy survey. Professor Lyon's survey resultsare probably invalid because he did not use:

_____ is to structuralism as _____ is to functionalism.

For centuries, philosophers debated which was more important:the inborn _____ of the individual or the environmentalinfluences that _____ the individual.