Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

When the term culture is broadly defined, about 4,000 different cultures can be said to exist in the world today.

Physiology is a branch of biology that studies the functions andparts of living organisms, including humans.

Most critical thinkers try to boil down an issue into its simplest components, frequently reducing a complex issue to an either/or kind of proposition.

Wilhelm Wundt wrote a landmark textbook titled Principles of Physiological Psychology in the 1870s that promoted his belief that psychology should be established as a separate scientific discipline.

The word pseudo means:

If a student is enrolled in a psychology class, then it is unnecessary to obtain an informed consent from the person ifhe or she is taking part in an experiment that is a requirement of the class.

Independent variable is to dependent variable as deliberately varied is to measured.

The specialty area which studies the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur at different ages and stages ofthe lifespan, from conception to old age is developmental psychology.

Once a theory is proven through statistics, it becomes a widely accepted, unchanging psychological "law."

The early psychological school called structuralism emphasizedthe study of:

Neuroscience refers to the study of the:

The specialty area in psychology that applies psychologicalprinciples and techniques to legal issues, such as the assessmentand treatment of offenders, mental competency to stand trial,child custody, jury selection, and eyewitness testimony is called psychology.

A young, dynamic psychologist named John Watson said,"Behaviorism, on the contrary, holds that the subject matter of human psychology is the behavior of the human being.Behaviorism claims that consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the existence of consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and magic."

The participants assigned to the experimental group orcondition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were:

The control group (or control condition) is the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions,except the independent variable or treatment variable, and against which changes in the experimental group are compared.

A psychologist who studies worker productivity, job satisfaction, or the interaction between people and equipment ismost likely an industrial/organizational psychologist.

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience "PsychologicalResearch Using Brain Imaging,"which of the followingstatements is a potential limitation of brain imaging?

Any change that can be directly attributed to the independent variable after controlling for other possible outcomes is called the main effect.

The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called the: