Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

Educational psychologists use psychological theory and knowledge to enhance athletic performance, motivation, and consistency.

The confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out evidence that confirms a claim or belief, while ignoring evidence that contradicts or undermines the claim or belief.

Ethnocentrism is the use of our own culture as the standard for judging other cultures.

You are a subject in an experiment you are told: "Look at thisapple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations andfeelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

It took him over ten years to write Principles of Psychology, which had to bepublished in two volumes because it was over 1,400 pages long. Which of theindividuals pictured was the author of Principles of Psychology?

_____ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and partsof living organisms, including humans.

Positive correlation is to negative correlation as _____ is to_____.

Today's psychologists tend to identify themselves with aparticular perspective in psychology according to the psychological topics that they investigate and the specialty area in which they have been trained.

Ethical standards for animal research in psychology:

How might the different goals of media and science clash?

Rehabilitation psychology focuses on the role of psychological factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illnessand includes such areas as stress and coping, the relationship between psychological factors and physical health, and ways of promoting health-enhancing behaviors.

The basic goal of naturalistic observation is to do an in-depthstudy of a single individual's behavior.

Replication of research findings increases confidence in the accuracy of the findings.

An operational definition defines a variable in terms of how it isto be measured, manipulated, or changed.

Which of the early schools of psychology was the first to disappear?

Even though correlational research cannot be used to establisha cause-and-effect relationship, correlational research can beused to make meaningful predictions.

A natural experiment is a study investigating the effects of anaturally occurring event on the research participants.

The results of Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were contradicted by the results of correlational research based on astudent survey about health, diet, and exercise and personality measures.

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was good exercise.

In accordance with the APA Ethical Guidelines, at the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel study, the participants would have been debriefed and the actual hypothesis and procedures involved in the study explained to them.