Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

Psychologists have concluded that it is impossible to apply the principle of natural selection to psychological processes.

Brain-imaging techniques, such as PET scans, MRI, and fMRI,provide extremely accurate and detailed images of the brainand have virtually no known limitations.

A news article about psychological research on sex differences in the rates of major depression noted that the research was originally reported in Psychological Science, a journal published by the American Psychological Society. Knowing this, you can safely assume that the:

A positive correlation reflects a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, while a negative correlation indicates the absence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.

In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea thatthe mind and the body are separate entities that interact makesa lot of sense to you. This view is most like the view of:

A single-blind technique is one in which neither the participants nor the researcher interacting with the participants is aware ofthe group or condition to which each participant has been assigned.

In striving to identify and understand consistent patterns ofbehavior, psychologists are skeptical. That is, they are willing toconsider new or alternative explanations of behavior andmental processes.

Despite repeated invitations from William James and others,Sigmund Freud refused to visit the United States.

In an experiment, the dependent variable is:

The _____ perspective emphasizes studying how behavior isacquired or modified by environmental causes.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one type of brain-imaging technology discussed in Focus on Neuroscience, alongwith MRI, fMRI, and PET scans.

In the hotel experiment by Crum and Langer, half the participants were led to believe they were in "poor" physicaland mental condition and the other half were led to believe theywere in "excellent" physical and mental condition.

Humanistic psychology was called the "third force" because it:

It is a universal cultural norm that infants and toddlers are notroutinely supposed to sleep in the same bed as their parents.

The _____ perspective of psychology emphasizes theimportance of unconscious influences and early life experiencesin explaining the underlying dynamics of behavior.

In psychological research, the practice effect refers to:

Comparative psychology studies the behavior of children and adults and compares their differences over the lifespan.

Dr. Professor has used a relatively new technique called the fMRI scan to examine changes in the brain that occur with age.Dr. Professor most likely subscribes to the _____ perspective ofpsychology.

When he was having academic difficulties, Walter receivedcounseling and an assessment from a professional who alsoconsulted with his parents, teachers, and other school staff. This professional is most likely a _____ psychologist.

______ psychology is most interested in examining individualdifferences and the characteristics that make each person unique.