Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

A cognitive psychologist might use a computer metaphor for human memory, suggesting that long-term memory is like the hard drive and short-term memory is like RAM.

When Susan learned that infants in Mayan families inGuatemala often sleep in their mother's bed until the child istwo or three years old, she expressed her surprise that theMayan culture was so "backward" compared with Americanculture. Susan's views are a good example of _____ in action.

Researchers were interested in the effects of al cohol consumption on the perceived attractiveness of members of theopposite sex. One group of participants was given 4 drinks containing alcohol, another group was given 4 drinks that did not contain alcohol, but both the alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks tasted identical. A final group was given no drinks at all.Next, perceived attractiveness of members of the opposite sex was measured. Which of the following is an operational definition of perceived attractiveness?

If a perfect positive correlation of +1.00 occurs, it means that asfactor A increases, factor B always decreases.

Random assignment means that all participants in the study have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the groups or conditions in an experiment.

After a car crash, Tyler was left with a number of chronic anddisabling health conditions and was having trouble adjusting tothe situation. Tyler could benefit most from seeing a _____psychologist.

Which of the following is the correct combination of names?

How did Crum and Langer formally report the findings of their hotel experiment about the effect of perceiving work as exercise?

According to one of the pie charts in Chapter 1, among psychologists who recently received their doctorate, most chose"clinical psychology"as their specialty area.

Professor Williams is investigating loneliness. Participants inthe study complete the UCLA Loneliness Scale to measure theirlevel of loneliness. They also answer questions on a surveyabout many aspects of their personal life. In analyzing the results of her study, Professor Williams finds that as the number of friends increases, the level of loneliness tends to decrease. This represents a _____ correlation.

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the reasons that animals are used in psychological research?

Researchers at State University wanted to test the hypothesisthat distributed, or spaced, practice results in better retentionof material than massed practice or cramming. To find out ifthere is a cause-and-effect relationship, the researcher shoulduse:

Wilhelm Wundt defined psychology as:

The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of the behavior of different animal species is called:

After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey,Professor Patterson finds a correlation of +2.36 between participation in sporting events and physical injuries. This finding indicates that:

Psychologists today have abandoned the nature-nurture debateand concluded that the environment is responsible for behavior.

Mary Whiton Calkins:

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an invasive imaging technique that provides color-coded images of brain activity bytracking the brain's use of a radioactively tagged compound,such as glucose, oxygen, or other substances.

During the 1960s, the movement away from traditionalbehaviorism and toward the study of how mental processesinfluence behavior was called:

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the participants were 84 female housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.