Question 1

Deception in psychology experiments:

Accepted Answer

A) has not been allowed since the 1960s when participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience study were not told beforehand that they would have to use electric shock to punish the "learner" every time the "learner" made a mistake. 
B) is still allowed when it is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception, and when the potential findings justify its use because of the scientific, educational, or applied value. 
C) is expressly forbidden by the provisions in the 2002 APA ethical guidelines and regulations. 
D) is allowed under the 2002 APA ethical guidelines without any restrictions or conditions. 
A) has not been allowed since the 1960s when participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience study were not told beforehand that they would have to use electric shock to punish the "learner" every time the "learner" made a mistake. 
B) is still allowed when it is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception, and when the potential findings justify its use because of the scientific, educational, or applied value. 
C) is expressly forbidden by the provisions in the 2002 APA ethical guidelines and regulations. 
D) is allowed under the 2002 APA ethical guidelines without any restrictions or conditions.

Question 2

Researchers were interested in the effects of alcohol consumption on the perceived attractiveness of members of theopposite sex. One group of participants was given 4 drinks containing alcohol, another group was given 4 drinks that didnot contain alcohol, but both the alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks tasted identical. A final group was given no drinks at all.Next, all three groups of participants rated the attractiveness ofmembers of the opposite sex by viewing pictures and rating attractiveness on a 1-to-10 scale. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) whether the drink contained alcohol or not 
B) ratings on the attractiveness scale 
C) the taste of the drinks 
D) alcohol consumption 
A) whether the drink contained alcohol or not 
B) ratings on the attractiveness scale 
C) the taste of the drinks 
D) alcohol consumption

Question 3

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) random selection; naturalistic observation 
B) some; all 
C) case study; survey 
D) case study; multiple case study 
A) random selection; naturalistic observation 
B) some; all 
C) case study; survey 
D) case study; multiple case study

Question 4

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that specieshad not been created once and for all but had changed over timewere called:

Accepted Answer

A) introspectionists. 
B) structuralists. 
C) evolutionists. 
D) behaviorists. 
A) introspectionists. 
B) structuralists. 
C) evolutionists. 
D) behaviorists.

Question 5

A placebo is:

Accepted Answer

A) a fake substance, treatment or procedure with no known direct effects. 
B) the dependent variable in an experiment testing drug effects. 
C)  a statistical technique used to eliminate errors in measurement. 
D) a drug that is supplied to the experimental groups. 
A) a fake substance, treatment or procedure with no known direct effects. 
B) the dependent variable in an experiment testing drug effects. 
C)  a statistical technique used to eliminate errors in measurement. 
D) a drug that is supplied to the experimental groups.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best characterizes theprinciple of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) If given ample social opportunities, each person will naturally select a mate with similar personality characteristics. 
B) Organisms that inherit characteristics that increase their chances of survival in their particular habitat are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their characteristics to their offspring. 
C) Natural selection is the consistent finding that when given an abundant and wide range of food choices, animals in the wild will naturally select a diet that supplies all the necessary nutrients. 
D) Natural selection is the strong human tendency to socialize with people of the same ethnic group. 
A) If given ample social opportunities, each person will naturally select a mate with similar personality characteristics. 
B) Organisms that inherit characteristics that increase their chances of survival in their particular habitat are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their characteristics to their offspring. 
C) Natural selection is the consistent finding that when given an abundant and wide range of food choices, animals in the wild will naturally select a diet that supplies all the necessary nutrients. 
D) Natural selection is the strong human tendency to socialize with people of the same ethnic group.

Question 7

Sigmund Freud:

Accepted Answer

A) refused to visit the United States but lectured extensively at universities throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. 
B) trained Carl Rogers in the use of scientific methods to study the unconscious mind. 
C) promoted the importance of the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism in understanding human behavior. 
D) delivered a series of lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in Massachusetts in the early 1900s. 
A) refused to visit the United States but lectured extensively at universities throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. 
B) trained Carl Rogers in the use of scientific methods to study the unconscious mind. 
C) promoted the importance of the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism in understanding human behavior. 
D) delivered a series of lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in Massachusetts in the early 1900s.

Question 8

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment wasthat changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Psychologist Harry Triandis said, "All cultures aresimultaneously very similar and very different." What does Triandis mean by this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Because individuals are so different, cultures cannot be meaningfully studied or compared. 
B) People in different cultures share many fundamental human attributes and motives, yet people in each culture express these 
C)  Ethnocentrism is more prevalent in some cultures than in others. 
D) Collectivistic cultures cannot be understood by members of individualistic cultures. 
A) Because individuals are so different, cultures cannot be meaningfully studied or compared. 
B) People in different cultures share many fundamental human attributes and motives, yet people in each culture express these 
C)  Ethnocentrism is more prevalent in some cultures than in others. 
D) Collectivistic cultures cannot be understood by members of individualistic cultures.

Question 10

Introspection was not a good method for psychology to use because this method could not be used to study a variety of complex topics, such as learning, development, and personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Descriptive methods are research strategies for observing and describing behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In order to increase confidence in the findings of a particular study, it is important that the study and its results:

Accepted Answer

A) have practical significance. 
B) be widely reported. 
C) be repeated or replicated. 
D) be tested by meta-analysis. 
A) have practical significance. 
B) be widely reported. 
C) be repeated or replicated. 
D) be tested by meta-analysis.

Question 13

After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parentsand other adult spectators in the stands at Canadian youth hockey games, psychologists used a method called naturalistic observation to study spectator behavior. Using the naturalistic observation method means that:

Accepted Answer

A) researchers must avoid being detected by their subjects. 
B) behaviors are observed in their natural settings, not in a lab. 
C)  researchers may study behaviors that cannot ethically be manipulated in an experiment 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) researchers must avoid being detected by their subjects. 
B) behaviors are observed in their natural settings, not in a lab. 
C)  researchers may study behaviors that cannot ethically be manipulated in an experiment 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

An irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claim:

Accepted Answer

A) is supported by empirical evidence. 
B) cannot be disproved or tested in any meaningful way. 
C) results directly from applying critical thinking to pseudoscientific claims. 
D) can be attributed to a person's beliefs and expectations rather than to the actual independent variable. 
A) is supported by empirical evidence. 
B) cannot be disproved or tested in any meaningful way. 
C) results directly from applying critical thinking to pseudoscientific claims. 
D) can be attributed to a person's beliefs and expectations rather than to the actual independent variable.

Question 15

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in Focus onNeuroscience include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following titles would most likely be found in aresearch journal for social psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) "Increased levels of the male hormone, testosterone, causes increased aggressive behavior in laboratory rats" 
B) "How the presence of other people affects helping behavior in public situations" 
C) "Decreases in intellectual functioning can be reversed through increased mental activities in the older adult" 
D) "Motivational effects of stress" 
A) "Increased levels of the male hormone, testosterone, causes increased aggressive behavior in laboratory rats" 
B) "How the presence of other people affects helping behavior in public situations" 
C) "Decreases in intellectual functioning can be reversed through increased mental activities in the older adult" 
D) "Motivational effects of stress"

Question 17

Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship betweenstress and visits to the college mental health clinic. Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoscientific research 
B) correlational study 
C) meta-analysis 
D) naturalistic experiment 
A) pseudoscientific research 
B) correlational study 
C) meta-analysis 
D) naturalistic experiment

Question 18

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable thatis:

Accepted Answer

A) affected by changes in the dependent variable. 
B) unknown. 
C) beyond the researcher's control, as it independently varies or changes over time. 
D) deliberately manipulated by the researcher 
A) affected by changes in the dependent variable. 
B) unknown. 
C) beyond the researcher's control, as it independently varies or changes over time. 
D) deliberately manipulated by the researcher

Question 19

The emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology in the1960s represented a return to psychology's historical roots byfocusing on how mental processes influence behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A) male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
B) female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
C) male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services. 
D) living near on-site dining facilities did not influence weight gain for male or female students. 
A) male students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
B) female students assigned to dormitories with food service reported eating more meals and more snacks, but did not report gaining weight. 
C) male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services. 
D) living near on-site dining facilities did not influence weight gain for male or female students.

Deception in psychology experiments:

Sample is to population as _ is to _.

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that specieshad not been created once and for all but had changed over timewere called:

A placebo is:

Which of the following statements best characterizes theprinciple of natural selection?

Sigmund Freud:

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment wasthat changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

Psychologist Harry Triandis said, "All cultures aresimultaneously very similar and very different." What does Triandis mean by this statement?

Introspection was not a good method for psychology to use because this method could not be used to study a variety of complex topics, such as learning, development, and personality.

Descriptive methods are research strategies for observing and describing behavior.

In order to increase confidence in the findings of a particular study, it is important that the study and its results:

After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parentsand other adult spectators in the stands at Canadian youth hockey games, psychologists used a method called naturalistic observation to study spectator behavior. Using the naturalistic observation method means that:

An irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claim:

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in Focus onNeuroscience include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Which of the following titles would most likely be found in aresearch journal for social psychology?

Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship betweenstress and visits to the college mental health clinic. Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate?

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable thatis:

The emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology in the1960s represented a return to psychology's historical roots byfocusing on how mental processes influence behavior.

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

Deception in psychology experiments:

Sample is to population as _____ is to _____.

Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that specieshad not been created once and for all but had changed over timewere called:

A placebo is:

Which of the following statements best characterizes theprinciple of natural selection?

Sigmund Freud:

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment wasthat changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

Psychologist Harry Triandis said, "All cultures aresimultaneously very similar and very different." What does Triandis mean by this statement?

Introspection was not a good method for psychology to use because this method could not be used to study a variety of complex topics, such as learning, development, and personality.

Descriptive methods are research strategies for observing and describing behavior.

In order to increase confidence in the findings of a particular study, it is important that the study and its results:

After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parentsand other adult spectators in the stands at Canadian youth hockey games, psychologists used a method called naturalistic observation to study spectator behavior. Using the naturalistic observation method means that:

An irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claim:

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in Focus onNeuroscience include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Which of the following titles would most likely be found in aresearch journal for social psychology?

Professor Nelson wishes to investigate the relationship betweenstress and visits to the college mental health clinic. Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate?

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable thatis:

The emergence of the cognitive perspective in psychology in the1960s represented a return to psychology's historical roots byfocusing on how mental processes influence behavior.

In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that:

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Sample is to population as _ is to _.