Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

The first major school of thought in psychology was called structuralism.

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment:

"I hate doing group projects in my classes,"Hillary, anAmerican student, complained. "When we do a group project,people just don't work as hard as they do when they areworking alone." Hillary's observation reflects a psychological phenomenon called:

The success of new medications in the treatment of psychological disorders increased interest in the biological perspective of psychology.

Dr. Thang has been trained in counseling psychology and worksin a community clinic as well as in private practice. She is mostlikely to:

Dr. Nelson studies the psychological factors that seem to beassociated with the development of heart disease. Dr. Nelsonspecializes in ______ psychology.

Which of the following is NOT one of the brain-imaging techniques discussed in the Focus on Neuro science section in the text?

Compared to a correlation of -.60, a correlation of +.60represents a relationship between two factors that is twice as strong.

After many media reports of aggressive behavior by parentsand other adult spectators in the stands at Canadian youth hockey games, psychologists systematically recorded the comments of adult spectators at youth hockey games in a large Canadian city. They found that almost two-thirds of the comments were directed at the players rather than the referees,and that most comments were positive and encouraging rathe rthan negative or critical. The psychologists used a descriptive research method called _____.

Anecdotal evidence is one of the strongest forms of scientific evidence.

Students who are enrolled in a psychology class can be forced to participate in experiments and other types of research as part of the course requirements.

The behavioral perspective of psychology focuses on how behavior is acquired through unconscious influences and early childhood experiences.

Any change that can be directly attributed to the independent variable after controlling for other possible outcomes is called:

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

A statistical technique called meta-analysis is used to analyzethe results of many studies on a single topic.

According to the _____ perspective, psychologists shouldinvestigate only overt, observable behavior and should notconcern themselves with internal mental processes that cannotbe precisely observed and measured.

The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory may not replicate well, meaning that the results cannot be applied toreal-world situations or to more general populations beyond the participants in the study.

Dr. Gomez wanted to investigate the effects of nicotine on theactivity of the brain. Because she did not want to expose people to radioactivity or use any invasive procedures to measure brain activity, Dr. Gomez chose to use _____ for her measures of brain activity.

As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffeemug carefully and then report all your sensations and feelingsabout the coffee mug after viewing it. What psychologicaltechnique have you been told to use?

The scientific method is rarely used in psychology, aspsychologists value "common sense," subjective experience, andexpert opinions more highly than so-called empirical evidence.