Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on:

Sports psychology uses psychological theory and knowledge to enhance athletic motivation, performance, and consistency.

French philosopher René Descartes:

A critical thinker can assume other perspectives that are fundamentally different from his or her own.

During her first trip abroad, Paula was surprised to find thatpeople in other cultures ate such foods as snails, squid, insects,lizards, earthworms, and seaweed. "One day they will becomecivilized like us and eat normal foods like donuts, pizza, hotdogs, and hamburgers and fries," she e-mailed her parents.Paula's remarks reflect a tendency called:

When questioned, advocates of pseudoscientific claims do not provide supporting scientific evidence but instead challenge you to disprove their claims. This strategy or ploy is called:

Norms of social behavior are virtually identical in all developed countries.

Although the American Psychological Association publishes guidelines governing the treatment of humans in psychological research, it does not have similar guidelines governing the use of animals in psychological research.

One of the individuals pictured played a key role in establishing the approach called humanistic psychology, which emphasized each person's unique potential forpsychological growth and self-direction. Who was that person?

To identify which brain areas are most active when a person suffering from schizophrenia has hallucinations, researcherscould use a(n) _____ scan to track the use of radioactively tagged glucose throughout the brain.

Among this person's notable achievements were establishing the first psychologyresearch laboratory in the United States and founding the AmericanPsychological Association. Who was this individual?

Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations.

Cross-cultural psychologists have found that there are absolutely no psychological processes that are shared by all humans.

A collectivistic culture is one in which:

What was the independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotelexperiment?

In evaluating psychological research presented in the mass media, it is important to remember that the words correlation and causality mean the same thing.

Personality psychologists study individual differences in peopleand the characteristics that make each person unique.

A theory:

Even if two factors are very strongly correlated, correlationdoes NOT necessarily indicate causality.

In an experiment investigating the hypothesis that aerobic exercise improves concentration and memory, all the participants had an equal chance of being assigned to any of the three conditions in the study. The researchers have used _____to minimize the possibility of bias when assigning participants to the different groups.