Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

Cross-cultural psychologists have found that Chinese individuals worked harder on a task when they were alone compared to when they worked in groups.

Psychology's definition has not changed since it was founded as a science in the late nineteenth century.

How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychologyas a separate scientific discipline?

When researchers create questions to investigate, generate evidence, and draw conclusions, they are guided by a set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that is (are) called:

In an experiment testing the effect of watching violent video games on aggressive behavior, researchers used specific strategies and procedures to help minimize the possibility that extraneous variables would influence the outcome of the experiment. These strategies are called:

Dr. Jackson is interested in how stress affects the brain andexamines PET scans of individuals before and after stressfulsituations. Dr. Jackson's approach is part of the _____perspective.

Positive psychology focuses on developing therapeutic techniques that increase personal well-being rather than just alleviating the troubling symptoms of psychological disorders.

Evolutionary psychology is most interested in the evolution ofthe unconscious into consciousness.

Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the behavior of different animal species.

Educational psychology is a specialty area that investigates research focused on basic psychological topics such as sensory and perceptual processes, learning, emotion, and motivation.

Extraneous variables are also called confounding variables.

Researchers using naturalistic observation try not to be detected by their participants since detection might interfere with the naturally occurring behavior.

Edward Titchener is associated with which early approach or "school" of psychology?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non invasiveprocedure that produces detailed images of the brain using electromagnetic signals that track changes in metabolic activity.

One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 listed the specialtyareas of psychologists who had recently received theirdoctorates. Which specialty area was selected most often?

Approximately _____ of the world's population lives in _____.

Experimental controls are specific strategies and procedures that help minimize the possibility that extraneous variables or some other uncontrolled factor will influence the outcome of the experiment.

You and your co-researchers want to compare the brain structures of musically gifted young adolescents with those of aclosely matched control group of normal, nonmusical adolescents using a noninvasive technique. You and your colleagues are conducting a(n) _____ brain imaging study, and will use _____ to study the details of the brain structures.

In a double-blind study:

Which of the following phrases would be an acceptable operational definition for anxiety?