Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following issues is a possible hindrance that must be overcome in order for this process to work properly?

What is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium? I Transform bacteria with a recombinant DNA molecule. II Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes (endonucleases). III Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells. IV Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA fragments. V Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to non-plasmid DNA.

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in premature death of the clones?

In a comparison of two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes, one of the homologs carries the sequence 5′-AACTACGA-3′, and the other homolog carries the sequence 5′-AACTTCGA-3′. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. Which of the following statements correctly describes theses sequences?

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be cut by a restriction enzyme?

DNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following is not done routinely at present?

Which of the following correctly lists the processes in order for one cycle of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Use the following information to answer the question. Organisms share many conserved core processes and features, including transcription and translation, using a uniform genetic code. Scientists have used these shared processes and features in biotechnology. For example, for the process of some transformations, a plasmid is constructed when a eukaryotic gene of interest is added with an antibiotic resistant gene such as beta-lactamase, which is used for ampicillin resistance. This plasmid is then inserted into a prokaryotic bacterial cell, such as E. coli, through a transformation process that leads to the production of the product protein from the eukaryotic organism. To culture the bacteria and obtain the protein product, the bacteria must grow. Select the appropriate condition to determine if the plasmid has entered the E. coli bacterial cell.

Which of the following characteristics of short tandem repeats (STRs)DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

Which of the following processes uses labeled probes to visualize the expression of genes in whole tissues and organisms?

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

Why might using retroviral vectors for gene therapy increase the patient's risk of developing cancer?

Use the figure to answer the following question. The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6)leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following characteristics of this gene?

Which of the following tools of DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

Which of the following statements describes one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic in humans?