Question 1

Figure 23-1  
-In the diagram of a bacterial cell in Figure 23-1, which numbers identify structures that are found in all prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 and 9 
B)  3 and 4 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  1 and 5 
A)  5 and 9 
B)  3 and 4 
C)  2 and 4 
D)  1 and 5

Question 2

Which of these statements best describes the type of bacteria found in your guts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, and are not unique to you. 
B)  They are less similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, but are still unique to you. 
C)  They are more similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, and are not unique to you. 
D)  They are more similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, but are still unique to you. 
A)  They are less similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, and are not unique to you. 
B)  They are less similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, but are still unique to you. 
C)  They are more similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, and are not unique to you. 
D)  They are more similar to that of your family than to people unrelated to you, but are still unique to you.

Question 3

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description.
-Salmonella

Accepted Answer

A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness) 
A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness)

Question 4

Which process contributes to prokaryotic genetic variability?

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission 
B)  horizontal gene transfer 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  mutation 
A)  binary fission 
B)  horizontal gene transfer 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  mutation

Question 5

What is the approximate number of distinct evolutionary branches in the domain Archaea, as revealed by genome sequencing studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 4 
B)  9 to 10 
C)  at least 12 
D)  at least 20 
A)  3 to 4 
B)  9 to 10 
C)  at least 12 
D)  at least 20

Question 6

What are believed to be the evolutionary ancestors of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  ancient Archaea 
B)  ancient proteobacteria 
C)  ancient green bacteria 
D)  ancient cyanobacteria 
A)  ancient Archaea 
B)  ancient proteobacteria 
C)  ancient green bacteria 
D)  ancient cyanobacteria

Question 7

Which phrase describes proteobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are Gram-positive and include the purple bacteria. 
B)  They are Gram-negative and include the green bacteria. 
C)  They are Gram-negative and include the purple bacteria. 
D)  They are Gram-positive and include the green bacteria. 
A)  They are Gram-positive and include the purple bacteria. 
B)  They are Gram-negative and include the green bacteria. 
C)  They are Gram-negative and include the purple bacteria. 
D)  They are Gram-positive and include the green bacteria.

Question 8

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description.
-snottite bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness) 
A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness)

Question 9

Figure 23-2  
-In the phylogenetic tree in Figure 23-2, which branch identifies the common ancestor of all modern organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  branch A 
B)  branch B 
C)  branch C 
D)  branch D 
A)  branch A 
B)  branch B 
C)  branch C 
D)  branch D

Question 10

Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the nucleolus 
B)  only in plasmids 
C)  in the nucleolus and plasmids 
D)  in the nucleoid and plasmids 
A)  only in the nucleolus 
B)  only in plasmids 
C)  in the nucleolus and plasmids 
D)  in the nucleoid and plasmids

Question 11

Which of these series best describes quorum sensing?

Accepted Answer

A)  three-dimensional shape 
B)  attachment 
C)  maturation 
D)  signal 
A)  three-dimensional shape 
B)  attachment 
C)  maturation 
D)  signal

Question 12

Over 6000 species of prokaryotes have been identified. What percentage of the total number of prokaryotic species on Earth does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  30% 
D)  90% 
A)  1% 
B)  10% 
C)  30% 
D)  90%

Question 13

Chlamydias are bacteria that possess cell walls, but lack peptidoglycan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Spirilli are Gram-negative bacteria that possess internal flagella, which cause the entire cell to twist in a corkscrew pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Why is the process of nitrogen fixation by prokaryotes essential?

Accepted Answer

A)  It converts atmospheric nitrogen to a nontoxic form. 
B)  It allows for the breakdown of complex macromolecules. 
C)  It removes nitrogen from the soil. 
D)  It provides nitrogen sources for plants and animals. 
A)  It converts atmospheric nitrogen to a nontoxic form. 
B)  It allows for the breakdown of complex macromolecules. 
C)  It removes nitrogen from the soil. 
D)  It provides nitrogen sources for plants and animals.

Question 16

Gingivitis is caused by archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is the correct sequence of the reagents in the Gram stain technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  safranin, crystal violet, alcohol, iodine 
B)  alcohol, iodine, crystal violet, safranin 
C)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin 
D)  iodine, alcohol, safranin, crystal violet 
A)  safranin, crystal violet, alcohol, iodine 
B)  alcohol, iodine, crystal violet, safranin 
C)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin 
D)  iodine, alcohol, safranin, crystal violet

Question 18

What mechanism of reproduction is most common in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual reproduction: binary fission 
B)  asexual reproduction: binary fission 
C)  asexual reproduction: budding 
D)  sexual reproduction: meiosis 
A)  sexual reproduction: binary fission 
B)  asexual reproduction: binary fission 
C)  asexual reproduction: budding 
D)  sexual reproduction: meiosis

Question 19

What is the function of bacteria found in human guts?

Accepted Answer

A)  to synthesize vitamin A 
B)  to synthesize vitamin C 
C)  to synthesize vitamin K 
D)  to synthesize vitamin B 
A)  to synthesize vitamin A 
B)  to synthesize vitamin C 
C)  to synthesize vitamin K 
D)  to synthesize vitamin B

Question 20

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description.
-Pyrobolus

Accepted Answer

A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness) 
A) causes anthrax 
B) fixes nitrogen 
C) causes syphilis 
D) loves very high temperatures 
E) causes endotoxin shock
F)helps in the production of yogurt
G)causes necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)
H)loves toxic H2S gas
I)causes gonorrhea
J)produces CH4
K)causes trachoma (a preventable form of blindness)

Exam 23: Bacteria and Archaea

Figure 23-1 -In the diagram of a bacterial cell in Figure 23-1, which numbers identify structures that are found in all prokaryotes?

Which of these statements best describes the type of bacteria found in your guts?

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description. -Salmonella

Which process contributes to prokaryotic genetic variability?

What is the approximate number of distinct evolutionary branches in the domain Archaea, as revealed by genome sequencing studies?

What are believed to be the evolutionary ancestors of mitochondria?

Which phrase describes proteobacteria?

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description. -snottite bacteria

Figure 23-2 -In the phylogenetic tree in Figure 23-2, which branch identifies the common ancestor of all modern organisms?

Where is DNA found in prokaryotes?

Which of these series best describes quorum sensing?

Over 6000 species of prokaryotes have been identified. What percentage of the total number of prokaryotic species on Earth does this represent?

Chlamydias are bacteria that possess cell walls, but lack peptidoglycan.

Spirilli are Gram-negative bacteria that possess internal flagella, which cause the entire cell to twist in a corkscrew pattern.

Why is the process of nitrogen fixation by prokaryotes essential?

Gingivitis is caused by archaea.

What is the correct sequence of the reagents in the Gram stain technique?

What mechanism of reproduction is most common in bacteria?

What is the function of bacteria found in human guts?

Match each prokaryotic genus with its correct description. -Pyrobolus

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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