Question 1

Which of the following is an example of analogous characters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tailbone of a human being and the tail of a monkey 
B)  the arm of a human, the wing of a bird, and the leg of a dog 
C)  the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs 
D)  the sweet potato and potato as food storage 
A)  the tailbone of a human being and the tail of a monkey 
B)  the arm of a human, the wing of a bird, and the leg of a dog 
C)  the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs 
D)  the sweet potato and potato as food storage

Question 2

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-the evolution of similar adaptations in distantly related organisms that live in similar environments

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup 
A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup

Question 3

North American cactus is strikingly similar to African spurge. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  same species 
B)  shared common ancestor 
C)  shared inheritance 
D)  convergent evolution 
A)  same species 
B)  shared common ancestor 
C)  shared inheritance 
D)  convergent evolution

Question 4

What depicts relatedness on a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A)  horizontal spacing between clades 
B)  the position of the nodes 
C)  the position of the clades 
D)  the position of the branches 
A)  horizontal spacing between clades 
B)  the position of the nodes 
C)  the position of the clades 
D)  the position of the branches

Question 5

What do systematists compare in the maximum likelihood method?

Accepted Answer

A)  specific trees, with alternative models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA 
B)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of RNA 
C)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA 
D)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of proteins 
A)  specific trees, with alternative models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA 
B)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of RNA 
C)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of DNA 
D)  alternative trees, with specific models about the rates of evolutionary change in different regions of proteins

Question 6

What is adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basis of radiometric dating 
B)  development of similar body form in unrelated organisms 
C)  formation of beneficial alleles through exposure to radiation 
D)  origin of many species from a single common ancestor 
A)  the basis of radiometric dating 
B)  development of similar body form in unrelated organisms 
C)  formation of beneficial alleles through exposure to radiation 
D)  origin of many species from a single common ancestor

Question 7

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-similarity that results from shared ancestry

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup 
A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup

Question 8

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description.
-a species related to the clade but not included within it

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup 
A) monophyletic taxon 
B) polyphyletic taxon 
C) paraphyletic taxon 
D) homology 
E) convergent evolution
F)homoplasy
G)phylogeny
H)apomorphy
I)synapomorphy
J)outgroup

Question 9

Which of the following represent character states observed in the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)  adapted traits 
B)  inherited traits 
C)  derived traits 
D)  ancestral traits 
A)  adapted traits 
B)  inherited traits 
C)  derived traits 
D)  ancestral traits

Question 10

Genetic distance method calculates the overall proportion of bases that differ between many species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a paraphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Accepted Answer

A)  only some of the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants 
A)  only some of the descendants 
B)  only an ancestor 
C)  an ancestor and all its descendants 
D)  an ancestor and some of its descendants

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of homologous characters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the wings of insects and birds used for flying 
B)  the finlike structures in fish and penguins 
C)  the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs 
D)  the sweet potato and potato as food storage 
A)  the wings of insects and birds used for flying 
B)  the finlike structures in fish and penguins 
C)  the bones in the wings of bats, birds, and pterosaurs 
D)  the sweet potato and potato as food storage

Question 13

Which of the following best distinguishes derived and ancestral characters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Derived characters are new forms of traits, and ancestral characters are old forms of traits. 
B)  Ancestral characters are new forms of traits, and derived characters are old forms of traits. 
C)  Derived characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and ancestral characters are not. 
D)  Ancestral characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and derived characters are not. 
A)  Derived characters are new forms of traits, and ancestral characters are old forms of traits. 
B)  Ancestral characters are new forms of traits, and derived characters are old forms of traits. 
C)  Derived characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and ancestral characters are not. 
D)  Ancestral characters are used to determine relatedness among organisms, and derived characters are not.

Question 14

Explain the principle of parsimony applied to phylogenetic analyses.

Accepted Answer

This principle states that the simplest

Question 15

Suppose that you want to clarify whether the frogs Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis are the same species, since they look exactly the same. Which of the following would you most likely use as evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  their sounds 
B)  their genetics 
C)  their physiology 
D)  their behaviour 
A)  their sounds 
B)  their genetics 
C)  their physiology 
D)  their behaviour

Question 16

Which of these statements best distinguishes between parallel and convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The term convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms. 
B)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms. 
C)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically parallel organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically converted organisms. 
D)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to morphologically similar organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to morphologically different organisms. 
A)  The term convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms. 
B)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more closely related organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms. 
C)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically parallel organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically converted organisms. 
D)  The term parallel evolution is used when referring to morphologically similar organisms; convergent evolution is used when referring to morphologically different organisms.

Question 17

Which of the following did Linnaeus invent?

Accepted Answer

A)  genus 
B)  specific epithet 
C)  binomial nomenclature 
D)  trinomial nomenclature 
A)  genus 
B)  specific epithet 
C)  binomial nomenclature 
D)  trinomial nomenclature

Question 18

Which of the following present characters that systematists use to develop phylogenies?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology, behaviour, and sequence of nucleic acids 
B)  morphology, behaviour, sequence of nucleic acids and proteins 
C)  behaviour and sequence of nucleic acids and proteins 
D)  morphology and sequence of nucleic acids and proteins 
A)  morphology, behaviour, and sequence of nucleic acids 
B)  morphology, behaviour, sequence of nucleic acids and proteins 
C)  behaviour and sequence of nucleic acids and proteins 
D)  morphology and sequence of nucleic acids and proteins

Question 19

If we were to discover beings on a distant planet that looked very much like us, what would this probably be cited as an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  coincidence 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  homology 
D)  adaptive radiation 
A)  coincidence 
B)  convergent evolution 
C)  homology 
D)  adaptive radiation

Question 20

Suppose that you want to find a relationship between two similar organisms. Which of the following would you most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  a phylogenetic tree 
B)  fossil record 
C)  morphological similarities 
D)  physiological similarities 
A)  a phylogenetic tree 
B)  fossil record 
C)  morphological similarities 
D)  physiological similarities

Exam 19: Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Which of the following is an example of analogous characters?

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -the evolution of similar adaptations in distantly related organisms that live in similar environments

North American cactus is strikingly similar to African spurge. What is this an example of?

What depicts relatedness on a phylogenetic tree?

What do systematists compare in the maximum likelihood method?

What is adaptive radiation?

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -similarity that results from shared ancestry

Match each of the following terms with its definition or description. -a species related to the clade but not included within it

Which of the following represent character states observed in the outgroup?

Genetic distance method calculates the overall proportion of bases that differ between many species.

Suppose that you are studying a phylogenetic tree and you want to circle a paraphyletic taxon on it. What would you most likely circle?

Which of the following is an example of homologous characters?

Which of the following best distinguishes derived and ancestral characters?

Explain the principle of parsimony applied to phylogenetic analyses.

Suppose that you want to clarify whether the frogs Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis are the same species, since they look exactly the same. Which of the following would you most likely use as evidence?

Which of these statements best distinguishes between parallel and convergent evolution?

Which of the following did Linnaeus invent?

Which of the following present characters that systematists use to develop phylogenies?

If we were to discover beings on a distant planet that looked very much like us, what would this probably be cited as an example of?

Suppose that you want to find a relationship between two similar organisms. Which of the following would you most likely use?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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