Question 1

Applied science is used frequently within occupational therapy practice. Which of the following examples does not depict an applied science purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  To provide evidence that an assessment used in practice provides dependable and useful information to guide practice 
B)  To describe the mechanism of action that underlies a common intervention technique 
C)  To quantify outcomes achieved by providing particular services as part of therapy 
D)  To describe how therapists reason in the context of practice 
A)  To provide evidence that an assessment used in practice provides dependable and useful information to guide practice 
B)  To describe the mechanism of action that underlies a common intervention technique 
C)  To quantify outcomes achieved by providing particular services as part of therapy 
D)  To describe how therapists reason in the context of practice B

Question 2

There are three major ways in which to define and classify research. Which of the following is not one of the primary classifications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Major methodological approach 
B)  Research design 
C)  Philosophical rigor 
D)  Research purposes 
A)  Major methodological approach 
B)  Research design 
C)  Philosophical rigor 
D)  Research purposes C

Question 3

A study investigating the subjective perspectives of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities living in a group home would be an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Qualitative, phenomenological study 
B)  Quantitative, naturalistic observation study 
C)  Quantitative, experimental study 
D)  Qualitative, quasi-experimental study 
A)  Qualitative, phenomenological study 
B)  Quantitative, naturalistic observation study 
C)  Quantitative, experimental study 
D)  Qualitative, quasi-experimental study A

Question 4

Extraneous variables in a study that may have an effect on the dependent variable and thereby introduce a risk of error in a study are referred to as confounding variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Survey studies may be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed with their methodology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A common form of research in health care and in occupational therapy is participatory research. Which of the following is not a characteristic of participatory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves people not simply as data sources but as partners in the research process. 
B)  It emphasizes power sharing between the researchers and local stakeholders. 
C)  It is most commonly carried out in a controlled laboratory setting. 
D)  It is action-oriented, focusing on making changes and examining the impact of those changes from the perspectives of those who are most influenced by it. 
A)  It involves people not simply as data sources but as partners in the research process. 
B)  It emphasizes power sharing between the researchers and local stakeholders. 
C)  It is most commonly carried out in a controlled laboratory setting. 
D)  It is action-oriented, focusing on making changes and examining the impact of those changes from the perspectives of those who are most influenced by it.

Question 7

During a research study, multiple therapists will be assessing and re-assessing the same participants. The principal investigator wants to utilize an assessment that demonstrates high inter-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability means:

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency in the test over time 
B)  The degree of agreement in test results among multiple raters 
C)  Measuring what the assessment was designed to test 
D)  The degree of agreement when multiple repetitions of testing are done by the same rater 
A)  Consistency in the test over time 
B)  The degree of agreement in test results among multiple raters 
C)  Measuring what the assessment was designed to test 
D)  The degree of agreement when multiple repetitions of testing are done by the same rater

Question 8

Occupational science generates knowledge regarding explanations of humans performing daily functions and behaving within occupational contexts. In doing this, its research purpose serves as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Basic science 
B)  Applied science 
C)  Integrated science 
D)  Transformative science 
A)  Basic science 
B)  Applied science 
C)  Integrated science 
D)  Transformative science

Question 9

In order to establish the psychometrics of a new instrument developed to measure symptoms of depression in a post-stroke population, a study is conducted that examines how well the assessment captures all behaviors, symptoms, and somatic presentations of depression. This form of psychometric testing would be examining the instrument's:

Accepted Answer

A)  Construct validity 
B)  Concurrent validity 
C)  Predictive validity 
D)  Consecutive validity 
A)  Construct validity 
B)  Concurrent validity 
C)  Predictive validity 
D)  Consecutive validity

Question 10

In an experimental design study, researchers might have more than one experimental condition group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Inclusion of a placebo control group reduces the biasing effects of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Expectancy 
B)  Discrimination 
C)  Contamination 
D)  Conformity 
A)  Expectancy 
B)  Discrimination 
C)  Contamination 
D)  Conformity

Question 12

There are multiple methodological designs that may be employed while conducting qualitative research studies. Which of the following is not a qualitative method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Narrative inquiry 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Controlled trial 
A)  Narrative inquiry 
B)  Phenomenology 
C)  Ethnography 
D)  Controlled trial

Question 13

Participatory research is the most common form of applied science research conducted in occupational therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Classifications and Aims of Research

Applied science is used frequently within occupational therapy practice. Which of the following examples does not depict an applied science purpose?

There are three major ways in which to define and classify research. Which of the following is not one of the primary classifications?

A study investigating the subjective perspectives of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities living in a group home would be an example of a:

Extraneous variables in a study that may have an effect on the dependent variable and thereby introduce a risk of error in a study are referred to as confounding variables.

Survey studies may be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed with their methodology.

A common form of research in health care and in occupational therapy is participatory research. Which of the following is not a characteristic of participatory research?

During a research study, multiple therapists will be assessing and re-assessing the same participants. The principal investigator wants to utilize an assessment that demonstrates high inter-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability means:

Occupational science generates knowledge regarding explanations of humans performing daily functions and behaving within occupational contexts. In doing this, its research purpose serves as a:

In an experimental design study, researchers might have more than one experimental condition group.

Inclusion of a placebo control group reduces the biasing effects of:

There are multiple methodological designs that may be employed while conducting qualitative research studies. Which of the following is not a qualitative method?

Participatory research is the most common form of applied science research conducted in occupational therapy.

Occupational Therapy As an Evidence-Based Practice Profession

Philosophical Foundations of Research

Reading and Understanding Published and Presented Research

Critically Appraising and Classifying Published and Presented Research

Managing Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice: An International Imperative

Professional Responsibility and Roles in Research

The Role of Theory in Occupational Therapy

Steps in the Research Process and Characteristics of Sound Research

Conducting a Literature Review

Generating Research Questions and Defining Specific Aims and Hypotheses

Selecting the Research Method

Writing the Research Proposal

Ensuring Ethical Research

Securing Samples and Performance Sites

Design Considerations in Qualitative Research

Collecting Qualitative Data

Contemporary Tools for Managing and Analyzing Qualitative Data

Qualitative Approaches to Interpreting and Reporting Data

Quantitative Research Designs: Defining Variables and Their Relationships With One Another

Developing and Evaluating Quantitative Data Collection Instruments

Collecting Quantitative Data

Entering, Storing, and Managing Data

Deciding on an Approach to Data Analysis

Meta-Analysis

Single-Subject Research

Survey Research

Needs Assessment Research

Program Evaluation Research

Participatory Research Approaches

Writing a Literature Review

Disseminating Research: Presenting, Writing, and Publishing

Writing a Grant Proposal

Using Mixed-Methods Designs to Study Therapy and Its Outcomes

Creating Outcomes Research for Evidence-Based Practice

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