Question 1

Children who are punished often by parents or teachers

Accepted Answer

A)  learn to dislike parents and teachers. 
B)  develop an internalized moral sense of right and wrong. 
C)  learn to suppress aggressive behaviors. 
D)  learn to respect the person punishing them. 
A)  learn to dislike parents and teachers. 
B)  develop an internalized moral sense of right and wrong. 
C)  learn to suppress aggressive behaviors. 
D)  learn to respect the person punishing them.

Question 2

The most common error in the use of punishment for training or discipline is that it is

Accepted Answer

A)  seldom severe enough to be effective. 
B)  often accompanied by no explanation. 
C)  relied on to the exclusion of other methods. 
D)  administered unfairly. 
A)  seldom severe enough to be effective. 
B)  often accompanied by no explanation. 
C)  relied on to the exclusion of other methods. 
D)  administered unfairly.

Question 3

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children cannot learn attitudes, fears, emotions, or personality traits through modeling. 
B)  Observational learning prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C)  Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to commit it themselves as adults. 
D)  An adolescent is more likely to begin smoking if his or her parents, siblings, and friends smoke. 
A)  Children cannot learn attitudes, fears, emotions, or personality traits through modeling. 
B)  Observational learning prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C)  Children who witness domestic violence are more likely to commit it themselves as adults. 
D)  An adolescent is more likely to begin smoking if his or her parents, siblings, and friends smoke.

Question 4

Responses can be extinguished by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalizations. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  intermittent reinforcement. 
A)  stimulus generalizations. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  intermittent reinforcement.

Question 5

Compared to learning through direct experience or verbal instruction,modeling involves learning by

Accepted Answer

A)  suffering the consequences for our actions. 
B)  exploring problems and situations. 
C)  breaking down larger tasks into their components. 
D)  watching others. 
A)  suffering the consequences for our actions. 
B)  exploring problems and situations. 
C)  breaking down larger tasks into their components. 
D)  watching others.

Question 6

In one experiment,children watched either live models or films of a person or cartoon character hitting an inflatable doll ("Bo-Bo the Clown"doll).What happened when they had the opportunity to play with the same doll?

Accepted Answer

A)  Few of the children imitated the behaviors they had seen. 
B)  Those who saw the live model imitated the behavior, but those who saw the cartoon did not. 
C)  Those who saw the cartoon model imitated the behavior, but those who saw the live models did not. 
D)  Most of the children imitated the behaviors they had seen. 
A)  Few of the children imitated the behaviors they had seen. 
B)  Those who saw the live model imitated the behavior, but those who saw the cartoon did not. 
C)  Those who saw the cartoon model imitated the behavior, but those who saw the live models did not. 
D)  Most of the children imitated the behaviors they had seen.

Question 7

According to your textbook,which of the following countries has NOT placed significant restrictions on the amount of permissible violence on television?

Accepted Answer

A)  United States 
B)  Canada 
C)  Switzerland 
D)  Norway 
A)  United States 
B)  Canada 
C)  Switzerland 
D)  Norway

Question 8

Which of the following involves listing how much time you currently spend performing the specific activity or counting the number of desired or undesired responses you make each day?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing goals 
B)  recording a baseline 
C)  choosing a target behavior 
D)  setting up reinforcers and punishers 
A)  establishing goals 
B)  recording a baseline 
C)  choosing a target behavior 
D)  setting up reinforcers and punishers

Question 9

In a self-management program,self-recording

Accepted Answer

A)  provides feedback and lets you know if you are reaching your goal. 
B)  involves setting goals and readjusting them. 
C)  is only effective if extra rewards are utilized. 
D)  is only effective if the Premack principle is utilized. 
A)  provides feedback and lets you know if you are reaching your goal. 
B)  involves setting goals and readjusting them. 
C)  is only effective if extra rewards are utilized. 
D)  is only effective if the Premack principle is utilized.

Question 10

Even though you do not plan to be a teacher,you make mental notes of the way your teacher handles the class or explains a certain topic because it might come in handy one day.These mental notes you are making illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  covert conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  covert conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 11

A beginning auto mechanic carefully observes a skilled mechanic perform a complex tune-up on a foreign car for the first time.What is the most likely reason that this beginning auto mechanic will be unable to perform this tune-up completely on his own?

Accepted Answer

A)  He did not observe the skilled mechanic in enough detail and did not ask enough questions. 
B)  He is not really motivated to become a mechanic. 
C)  He is unable to remember all the steps, having observed the procedure only once. 
D)  He is not coordinated enough to reproduce the procedure. 
A)  He did not observe the skilled mechanic in enough detail and did not ask enough questions. 
B)  He is not really motivated to become a mechanic. 
C)  He is unable to remember all the steps, having observed the procedure only once. 
D)  He is not coordinated enough to reproduce the procedure.

Question 12

You have a mental picture of how your city is organized so that you can easily take an alternate route if there is a traffic jam.Psychologists call this mental map a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  intuitive map. 
B)  cognitive map. 
C)  latent map. 
D)  discovery map. 
A)  intuitive map. 
B)  cognitive map. 
C)  latent map. 
D)  discovery map.

Question 13

Ginger has been procrastinating on finishing her dissertation.So,she and her fiance draw up a formal agreement in which she states that she will meet weekly deadlines on the number of pages she will complete and the rewards she will receive,such as eating out at her favorite restaurant,and the consequences she will incur,such as chores she hates to do.Ginger and her fiance are utilizing which of the following to help Ginger finish her dissertation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording 
A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording

Question 14

After he is spanked,Terrence feels angry,frustrated,and hostile,and goes immediately outside and picks a fight with his younger brother.What is most likely to occur in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Picking a fight with his brother will be an isolated event in the future, although he will still misbehave and receive spankings. 
B)  Because Terrence releases some of his anger on his younger brother, his aggression will be rewarded and will tend to occur again in other frustrating situations. 
C)  Because Terrence releases his anger on his younger brother, he will be less likely to be aggressive toward any other children in the future due to the cathartic effect. 
D)  Terrence's overall aggression will decline, and he will become a model child at home, in the neighborhood, and at school. 
A)  Picking a fight with his brother will be an isolated event in the future, although he will still misbehave and receive spankings. 
B)  Because Terrence releases some of his anger on his younger brother, his aggression will be rewarded and will tend to occur again in other frustrating situations. 
C)  Because Terrence releases his anger on his younger brother, he will be less likely to be aggressive toward any other children in the future due to the cathartic effect. 
D)  Terrence's overall aggression will decline, and he will become a model child at home, in the neighborhood, and at school.

Question 15

The idea that a high frequency response can be used to reinforce a low frequency response was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Olds. 
B)  Skinner. 
C)  Wolfe. 
D)  Premack. 
A)  Olds. 
B)  Skinner. 
C)  Wolfe. 
D)  Premack.

Question 16

Understanding,knowing,anticipating,or otherwise making use of higher mental processes is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  operant learning. 
B)  instrumental learning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  Pavlovian cognition. 
A)  operant learning. 
B)  instrumental learning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  Pavlovian cognition.

Question 17

Regarding spanking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most children show no signs of long-term damage from spanking if it is backed up by supportive parenting. 
B)  Emotional damage does occur if spankings are severe, frequent, or coupled with harsh parenting. 
C)  Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors. 
D)  Anti-spanking laws have been passed in a number of countries around the world. 
A)  Most children show no signs of long-term damage from spanking if it is backed up by supportive parenting. 
B)  Emotional damage does occur if spankings are severe, frequent, or coupled with harsh parenting. 
C)  Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors. 
D)  Anti-spanking laws have been passed in a number of countries around the world.

Question 18

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys,his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother.Mark's parents are using

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  avoidance learning. 
C)  counter conditioning. 
D)  latent learning. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  avoidance learning. 
C)  counter conditioning. 
D)  latent learning.

Question 19

The most important role of television in the modeling of aggressive behavior may be that TV violence

Accepted Answer

A)  is seen as an acceptable way for both villains and heroes to act. 
B)  arouses basic human instincts for aggression. 
C)  leads to unconscious desires for aggression and power. 
D)  provides an acceptable outlet for otherwise destructive behaviors. 
A)  is seen as an acceptable way for both villains and heroes to act. 
B)  arouses basic human instincts for aggression. 
C)  leads to unconscious desires for aggression and power. 
D)  provides an acceptable outlet for otherwise destructive behaviors.

Question 20

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home,you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house,even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  discovery learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  shaping. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  discovery learning.

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Children who are punished often by parents or teachers

The most common error in the use of punishment for training or discipline is that it is

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Responses can be extinguished by

Compared to learning through direct experience or verbal instruction,modeling involves learning by

In one experiment,children watched either live models or films of a person or cartoon character hitting an inflatable doll ("Bo-Bo the Clown"doll).What happened when they had the opportunity to play with the same doll?

According to your textbook,which of the following countries has NOT placed significant restrictions on the amount of permissible violence on television?

Which of the following involves listing how much time you currently spend performing the specific activity or counting the number of desired or undesired responses you make each day?

In a self-management program,self-recording

Even though you do not plan to be a teacher,you make mental notes of the way your teacher handles the class or explains a certain topic because it might come in handy one day.These mental notes you are making illustrate

A beginning auto mechanic carefully observes a skilled mechanic perform a complex tune-up on a foreign car for the first time.What is the most likely reason that this beginning auto mechanic will be unable to perform this tune-up completely on his own?

You have a mental picture of how your city is organized so that you can easily take an alternate route if there is a traffic jam.Psychologists call this mental map a(n)

After he is spanked,Terrence feels angry,frustrated,and hostile,and goes immediately outside and picks a fight with his younger brother.What is most likely to occur in the future?

The idea that a high frequency response can be used to reinforce a low frequency response was proposed by

Understanding,knowing,anticipating,or otherwise making use of higher mental processes is known as

Regarding spanking,which of the following statements is FALSE?

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys,his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother.Mark's parents are using

The most important role of television in the modeling of aggressive behavior may be that TV violence

If you give an attractive classmate a ride home,you may make mental notes about how to get to his or her house,even if a date is only a remote future possibility.This illustrates

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology