Question 1

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mike visited a cattle farm and touched an electric fence. 
B)  Sam reached across the table to get the salt and had his hand slapped by his mother. 
C)  Philip was being the class clown and was spanked by the teacher for disrupting class. 
D)  Peter was fighting with his brother, so his mother took away his video game. 
A)  Mike visited a cattle farm and touched an electric fence. 
B)  Sam reached across the table to get the salt and had his hand slapped by his mother. 
C)  Philip was being the class clown and was spanked by the teacher for disrupting class. 
D)  Peter was fighting with his brother, so his mother took away his video game.

Question 2

Latent learning is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  instrumental learning 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  instrumental learning 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 3

Cindy has watched her mother cook for several months.However,today her mother is ill so Cindy offers to cook.Cindy has never had to cook before,but she does an excellent job without any assistance.This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  insight. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
D)  higher-order conditioning. 
A)  insight. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  vicarious classical conditioning. 
D)  higher-order conditioning.

Question 4

Your mother,who is 49 years old,loves to watch professional ice skating.She can name every type of jump and spin used by the athletes and can tell you which type of jump they are about to perform by their body positioning before the jump.However,what is the most likely reason that your mother could not model the athletes' behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  She does not admire the personality of these athletes. 
B)  She did not really observe the details required for these behaviors. 
C)  She did not see these athletes be 100 percent successful during their modeling. 
D)  She would be unable to reproduce these modeled behaviors even with extensive practice. 
A)  She does not admire the personality of these athletes. 
B)  She did not really observe the details required for these behaviors. 
C)  She did not see these athletes be 100 percent successful during their modeling. 
D)  She would be unable to reproduce these modeled behaviors even with extensive practice.

Question 5

Regarding mild punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mild punishment will usually eliminate unwanted responses. 
B)  Mild punishment tends to suppress unwanted responses temporarily. 
C)  Mild punishment is better than reinforcement for response acquisition. 
D)  Mild punishment is the same as negative reinforcement. 
A)  Mild punishment will usually eliminate unwanted responses. 
B)  Mild punishment tends to suppress unwanted responses temporarily. 
C)  Mild punishment is better than reinforcement for response acquisition. 
D)  Mild punishment is the same as negative reinforcement.

Question 6

To be most effective,punishment should be

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed for a period of time in order for the child to have time to think about his or her misbehavior and why it is wrong. 
B)  expressed with anger to get the child's full attention. 
C)  done in public to add the punishing effect of embarrassment. 
D)  combined with the reinforcement of alternate, desirable behaviors. 
A)  delayed for a period of time in order for the child to have time to think about his or her misbehavior and why it is wrong. 
B)  expressed with anger to get the child's full attention. 
C)  done in public to add the punishing effect of embarrassment. 
D)  combined with the reinforcement of alternate, desirable behaviors.

Question 7

One thing that reinforcement and punishment have in common is that both

Accepted Answer

A)  produce positive transfer. 
B)  act as generalized rewards for learning. 
C)  are less effective if they are delayed. 
D)  are necessary for biofeedback training to be effective. 
A)  produce positive transfer. 
B)  act as generalized rewards for learning. 
C)  are less effective if they are delayed. 
D)  are necessary for biofeedback training to be effective.

Question 8

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jordan grabs a fragile dish and is scolded by his aunt. 
B)  Sara grabs a branch of a rose bush and hurts her hand. 
C)  Patti climbs on top of the table; and her mother put her in time out. 
D)  Cara grabs her brother's toy; and her father slaps her hand. 
A)  Jordan grabs a fragile dish and is scolded by his aunt. 
B)  Sara grabs a branch of a rose bush and hurts her hand. 
C)  Patti climbs on top of the table; and her mother put her in time out. 
D)  Cara grabs her brother's toy; and her father slaps her hand.

Question 9

If you cannot punish an animal or young child immediately,

Accepted Answer

A)  wait for the next instance of misbehavior by the animal or young child. 
B)  take the animal or child back to the place of the misbehavior and then punish them. 
C)  delay the punishment but increase the intensity. 
D)  clearly state or point at the damage while punishing the animal or young child later. 
A)  wait for the next instance of misbehavior by the animal or young child. 
B)  take the animal or child back to the place of the misbehavior and then punish them. 
C)  delay the punishment but increase the intensity. 
D)  clearly state or point at the damage while punishing the animal or young child later.

Question 10

Self-recording is important in managing your own behavior because

Accepted Answer

A)  you cannot learn anything without rewards. 
B)  simply knowing that you are reaching a goal is rewarding. 
C)  you need to know when you are over-rewarding yourself. 
D)  you need to apply the Premack principle. 
A)  you cannot learn anything without rewards. 
B)  simply knowing that you are reaching a goal is rewarding. 
C)  you need to know when you are over-rewarding yourself. 
D)  you need to apply the Premack principle.

Question 11

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  instrumental learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  instrumental learning.

Question 12

In observational learning,the person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  antecedent. 
B)  instigator. 
C)  model. 
D)  exemplar. 
A)  antecedent. 
B)  instigator. 
C)  model. 
D)  exemplar.

Question 13

In a shuttle box,a dog first learns,through classical conditioning to fear the buzzer because the buzzer is associated with shock.Each time the buzzer sounds,the dog becomes fearful of the upcoming shock.By jumping to the "safe" compartment,the dog can end the unpleasant fear it feels.This "jumping" to reduce the fear and shock occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  insight learning. 
A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  insight learning.

Question 14

Research suggests that children will usually model what parents

Accepted Answer

A)  say and not what the parents do. 
B)  do rather than what the parents say. 
C)  wish the child would do. 
D)  tell older siblings to do. 
A)  say and not what the parents do. 
B)  do rather than what the parents say. 
C)  wish the child would do. 
D)  tell older siblings to do.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  knowing where the emergency exits are in a theater even though you have never used them 
B)  becoming emotional in the presence of bees after you receive a bee sting 
C)  Pavlov's dogs learning to salivate to a bell 
D)  a person in an institution being rewarded for exhibiting healthy behavior with tokens 
A)  knowing where the emergency exits are in a theater even though you have never used them 
B)  becoming emotional in the presence of bees after you receive a bee sting 
C)  Pavlov's dogs learning to salivate to a bell 
D)  a person in an institution being rewarded for exhibiting healthy behavior with tokens

Question 16

A problem with the use of punishment is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it causes fear, frustration, anxiety, and encourages aggression. 
B)  it has little or no power to actually suppress an undesirable response. 
C)  negative reinforcement is superior to punishment for suppressing a response. 
D)  once begun it cannot be withdrawn. 
A)  it causes fear, frustration, anxiety, and encourages aggression. 
B)  it has little or no power to actually suppress an undesirable response. 
C)  negative reinforcement is superior to punishment for suppressing a response. 
D)  once begun it cannot be withdrawn.

Question 17

Drawbacks to punishment include all of the following EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment may encourage aggression. 
B)  people and situations associated with punishment may become feared or disliked. 
C)  punishment may encourage escape and avoidance learning. 
D)  punishment has not been shown to be effective in suppressing behaviors. 
A)  punishment may encourage aggression. 
B)  people and situations associated with punishment may become feared or disliked. 
C)  punishment may encourage escape and avoidance learning. 
D)  punishment has not been shown to be effective in suppressing behaviors.

Question 18

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children tend to blindly imitate adult role models. 
B)  Observational learning only prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C)  Actual imitation depends on whether the model was rewarded or punished for what was done. 
D)  Children tend to imitate what their parents do, and not what they say. 
A)  Children tend to blindly imitate adult role models. 
B)  Observational learning only prepares a person to duplicate a response. 
C)  Actual imitation depends on whether the model was rewarded or punished for what was done. 
D)  Children tend to imitate what their parents do, and not what they say.

Question 19

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and remains hidden until reinforcement is provided is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  covert conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  covert conditioning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 20

Learning by imitation is so important to so many mammals that the brain dedicates special neurons to this function,which are called __________ neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilating 
B)  sensory 
C)  effector 
D)  mirror 
A)  assimilating 
B)  sensory 
C)  effector 
D)  mirror

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Latent learning is most closely associated with which of the following?

Cindy has watched her mother cook for several months.However,today her mother is ill so Cindy offers to cook.Cindy has never had to cook before,but she does an excellent job without any assistance.This demonstrates

Regarding mild punishment,which of the following statements is TRUE?

To be most effective,punishment should be

One thing that reinforcement and punishment have in common is that both

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

If you cannot punish an animal or young child immediately,

Self-recording is important in managing your own behavior because

Learning the latest dance step by watching others on television is an example of which kind of learning?

In observational learning,the person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

Research suggests that children will usually model what parents

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

A problem with the use of punishment is that

Drawbacks to punishment include all of the following EXCEPT that

Regarding observational learning studies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and remains hidden until reinforcement is provided is known as

Learning by imitation is so important to so many mammals that the brain dedicates special neurons to this function,which are called __________ neurons.

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology