Question 1

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F.Skinner 
C)  John B.Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F.Skinner 
C)  John B.Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

Tina always seems to be a little late for work every morning because she spends so much time drinking coffee and reading the morning paper that she has to rush through her shower and her selection of clothes.So,she has decided to get a cup of coffee and drink it while selecting her clothes,then take a shower,and,if any time remains,she will have a second cup of coffee and read the morning paper.Tina is utilizing the strategy that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  extinction. 
A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  extinction.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Be willing to admit your mistake if you wrongfully punished someone or if you punished too severely. 
B)  Use counter conditioning, in which you reward the child for displaying any desirable behavior that is opposite to the unacceptable behavior. 
C)  Punish in public to cause embarrassment and increase the effectiveness of the punishment. 
D)  Take away privileges or other positive reinforcers when punishing older children and adolescents or use a verbal rebuke or scolding. 
A)  Be willing to admit your mistake if you wrongfully punished someone or if you punished too severely. 
B)  Use counter conditioning, in which you reward the child for displaying any desirable behavior that is opposite to the unacceptable behavior. 
C)  Punish in public to cause embarrassment and increase the effectiveness of the punishment. 
D)  Take away privileges or other positive reinforcers when punishing older children and adolescents or use a verbal rebuke or scolding.

Question 4

When April is stressed and wants to relax,she has always reached for a glass of wine.However,she wants to break this use of alcohol as a means of relaxation,so she learns stress management techniques and now uses them when she feels stressed.April is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains 
B)  cues and antecedents 
C)  alternate responses 
D)  extinction 
A)  breaking up response chains 
B)  cues and antecedents 
C)  alternate responses 
D)  extinction

Question 5

Watching a lot of violence on television apparently causes us to become

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitized to violence. 
B)  more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C)  desensitized to violence. 
D)  less violent. 
A)  sensitized to violence. 
B)  more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C)  desensitized to violence. 
D)  less violent.

Question 6

Responses are usually suppressed by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalizations. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  punishment. 
A)  stimulus generalizations. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  punishment.

Question 7

Requiring a resistant child to eat half of each of the foods on his dinner plate before receiving a favorite dessert is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized reinforcers. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  the Premack principle. 
D)  the partial reinforcement effect. 
A)  generalized reinforcers. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  the Premack principle. 
D)  the partial reinforcement effect.

Question 8

Which of the following would make the modeling of televised aggression by children LESS likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child identifies and wants to be like the aggressive character. 
B)  The child fully recognizes that the characters and stories are fantasies. 
C)  The child believes that aggression is an acceptable way to solve problems. 
D)  The child becomes desensitized to the violence displayed. 
A)  The child identifies and wants to be like the aggressive character. 
B)  The child fully recognizes that the characters and stories are fantasies. 
C)  The child believes that aggression is an acceptable way to solve problems. 
D)  The child becomes desensitized to the violence displayed.

Question 9

Research findings on televised violence have found that TV violence will

Accepted Answer

A)  cause any child to be significantly more aggressive. 
B)  make aggressive behavior more likely for many children. 
C)  increase aggression in the short-term during childhood, but will not affect the children when they become adults. 
D)  vicariously lower aggressive urges for many children and adults. 
A)  cause any child to be significantly more aggressive. 
B)  make aggressive behavior more likely for many children. 
C)  increase aggression in the short-term during childhood, but will not affect the children when they become adults. 
D)  vicariously lower aggressive urges for many children and adults.

Question 10

Because punishment is aversive,people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared,resented,or disliked through

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  the law of effect. 
A)  operant conditioning. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  cognitive learning. 
D)  the law of effect.

Question 11

The use of harsh or excessive punishment with children has been shown to lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term mental health problems. 
B)  increased aggressiveness by the children toward others. 
C)  avoidance and escape behaviors. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  long-term mental health problems. 
B)  increased aggressiveness by the children toward others. 
C)  avoidance and escape behaviors. 
D)  all of these.

Question 12

The key to any self-management program is

Accepted Answer

A)  self-recording because it provides feedback. 
B)  social support because it provides positive reinforcement needed. 
C)  punishment because it helps you decrease the unwanted behavior. 
D)  adjusting your schedule because it is important to be flexible. 
A)  self-recording because it provides feedback. 
B)  social support because it provides positive reinforcement needed. 
C)  punishment because it helps you decrease the unwanted behavior. 
D)  adjusting your schedule because it is important to be flexible.

Question 13

By the time the average person graduates from high school,he or she will have spent a total of 11,000 hours in the classroom and how many total hours watching TV?

Accepted Answer

A)  6,000 
B)  15,000 
C)  22,000 
D)  36,000 
A)  6,000 
B)  15,000 
C)  22,000 
D)  36,000

Question 14

If you smoke cigarettes,psychologists would urge you to quit so your children won't learn to smoke by

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  direct reinforcement. 
C)  discovery learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  direct reinforcement. 
C)  discovery learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 15

Regarding latent learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B)  Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. 
C)  Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. 
D)  In humans, latent learning is related to higher-level abilities, such as anticipating future reward. 
A)  Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. 
B)  Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. 
C)  Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. 
D)  In humans, latent learning is related to higher-level abilities, such as anticipating future reward.

Question 16

Discovery learning involves understanding and

Accepted Answer

A)  rote memory. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  insight. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  rote memory. 
B)  instrumental conditioning. 
C)  insight. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 17

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Accepted Answer

A)  learn a series of responses only. 
B)  learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C)  are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D)  learn the location of the reward. 
A)  learn a series of responses only. 
B)  learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C)  are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D)  learn the location of the reward.

Question 18

Annie is being noisy and disrespectful,and her mother gives her a "swat" on her rear end.Annie immediately gets quiet.The next time Annie is being noisy and disrespectful,her mother is most likely to use punishment again.According to research,which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Annie's mother will "swat" her again because this punishment worked well the last time. 
B)  Annie's resulting silence was negatively reinforcing for her mother 
C)  "Sparing the rod" on Annie would have resulted in her becoming a "spoiled" child. 
D)  The overall emotional adjustment of a child disciplined by reward will usually be superior to one disciplined by punishment. 
A)  Annie's mother will "swat" her again because this punishment worked well the last time. 
B)  Annie's resulting silence was negatively reinforcing for her mother 
C)  "Sparing the rod" on Annie would have resulted in her becoming a "spoiled" child. 
D)  The overall emotional adjustment of a child disciplined by reward will usually be superior to one disciplined by punishment.

Question 19

When using the three tools to control behavior,it is usually best to begin by

Accepted Answer

A)  using mild punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors. 
B)  ignoring a problem behavior, or shifting attention to a desirable activity and then reinforcing the resulting desirable behavior with praise. 
C)  using severe punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors. 
D)  suppressing problem behaviors with negative reinforcement. 
A)  using mild punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors. 
B)  ignoring a problem behavior, or shifting attention to a desirable activity and then reinforcing the resulting desirable behavior with praise. 
C)  using severe punishment to eliminate any problem behaviors. 
D)  suppressing problem behaviors with negative reinforcement.

Question 20

A parent who relies heavily on the use of physical punishment for aggressive behavior in the home should be aware that this child-rearing practice is more likely to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  children who engage in aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial behavior. 
B)  complete extinction of the aggressive behavior. 
C)  a prolonged period of submissive learned helplessness. 
D)  a variety of learning disabilities. 
A)  children who engage in aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial behavior. 
B)  complete extinction of the aggressive behavior. 
C)  a prolonged period of submissive learned helplessness. 
D)  a variety of learning disabilities.

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

When April is stressed and wants to relax,she has always reached for a glass of wine.However,she wants to break this use of alcohol as a means of relaxation,so she learns stress management techniques and now uses them when she feels stressed.April is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Watching a lot of violence on television apparently causes us to become

Responses are usually suppressed by

Requiring a resistant child to eat half of each of the foods on his dinner plate before receiving a favorite dessert is an example of

Which of the following would make the modeling of televised aggression by children LESS likely?

Research findings on televised violence have found that TV violence will

Because punishment is aversive,people and situations associated with punishment tend to become feared,resented,or disliked through

The use of harsh or excessive punishment with children has been shown to lead to

The key to any self-management program is

By the time the average person graduates from high school,he or she will have spent a total of 11,000 hours in the classroom and how many total hours watching TV?

If you smoke cigarettes,psychologists would urge you to quit so your children won't learn to smoke by

Regarding latent learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Discovery learning involves understanding and

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

When using the three tools to control behavior,it is usually best to begin by

A parent who relies heavily on the use of physical punishment for aggressive behavior in the home should be aware that this child-rearing practice is more likely to produce

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology