Question 1

Learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning. 
A)  avoidance learning. 
B)  escape learning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  respondent conditioning.

Question 2

If parents change to less punitive parenting,their children's levels of aggression will

Accepted Answer

A)  decline, at least for younger children. 
B)  decline no matter the age of the child or adolescent. 
C)  increase since the parents will be unable to suppress the misbehaviors and the aggression with milder punishment. 
D)  remain the same since aggressiveness depends more on a child's temperament than the discipline style. 
A)  decline, at least for younger children. 
B)  decline no matter the age of the child or adolescent. 
C)  increase since the parents will be unable to suppress the misbehaviors and the aggression with milder punishment. 
D)  remain the same since aggressiveness depends more on a child's temperament than the discipline style.

Question 3

Regarding the use of punishment with children,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  If punishment is used at all, it should always be mild. 
B)  Punishment works best when it produces actions incompatible with the response. 
C)  Response cost is usually best for older children and adults. 
D)  Punishment is effective in teaching new behaviors and in indicating what the "right" response is. 
A)  If punishment is used at all, it should always be mild. 
B)  Punishment works best when it produces actions incompatible with the response. 
C)  Response cost is usually best for older children and adults. 
D)  Punishment is effective in teaching new behaviors and in indicating what the "right" response is.

Question 4

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two-thirds of child abuse cases start out as attempts at physical punishment. 
B)  It is important not to punish a person in front of others. 
C)  It is best to show your anger when you punish a person or animal, so they will know you are serious about the misbehavior ending. 
D)  Expect anger from the person being punished; and briefly acknowledge this anger, but do not reinforce it. 
A)  Two-thirds of child abuse cases start out as attempts at physical punishment. 
B)  It is important not to punish a person in front of others. 
C)  It is best to show your anger when you punish a person or animal, so they will know you are serious about the misbehavior ending. 
D)  Expect anger from the person being punished; and briefly acknowledge this anger, but do not reinforce it.

Question 5

Brandon wants to cut down on smoking.So,he removes ashtrays,matches,and extra cigarettes from his house and office,keeping them only in the car.Of the strategies listed in your textbook for breaking a bad habit,Brandon is using the one involving

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  breaking up response chains. 
B)  cues and antecedents. 
C)  alternate responses. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 6

Peter is 12 years old and is about to be punished by his parents.According to the guidelines for punishment in the textbook,the parents should use

Accepted Answer

A)  frequent punishment, since this strategy will be the most effective. 
B)  response cost, since this strategy is usually best for older children. 
C)  a delayed punishment in order to give Peter more time to think about his transgression. 
D)  all of these techniques. 
A)  frequent punishment, since this strategy will be the most effective. 
B)  response cost, since this strategy is usually best for older children. 
C)  a delayed punishment in order to give Peter more time to think about his transgression. 
D)  all of these techniques.

Question 7

Billy's parents beg him not to smoke,but his parents smoke themselves.If Billy continues to smoke,he has been influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling. 
B)  the paradoxical intention. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  counter conditioning. 
A)  modeling. 
B)  the paradoxical intention. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  counter conditioning.

Question 8

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by punishment is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by reward. 
B)  Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C)  Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D)  One should avoid punishing when angry because it is easy to get carried away and become abusive. 
A)  The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by punishment is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by reward. 
B)  Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C)  Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D)  One should avoid punishing when angry because it is easy to get carried away and become abusive.

Question 9

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  practice. 
C)  response expectancies. 
D)  cognitive shaping. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  practice. 
C)  response expectancies. 
D)  cognitive shaping.

Question 10

In her developmental psychology classes,Dr.Windham utilizes problem-based learning,which involves presenting the students with open-ended real-life cases.The students must determine the important aspects of the problem and then come up with a plan of action to solve the problem using their textbook and notes.Dr.Windham is using a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  rote learning. 
C)  respondent conditioning. 
D)  guided discovery. 
A)  instrumental learning. 
B)  rote learning. 
C)  respondent conditioning. 
D)  guided discovery.

Question 11

The effects of modeling and imitation underlie

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  response chaining. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  discovery learning. 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  response chaining.

Question 12

When trying to change a bad habit,if a person were to finally discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and then remove,avoid,or delay the reinforcement,we would say this person has utilized the technique known as

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  breaking response chains. 
D)  cues and antecedents. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  breaking response chains. 
D)  cues and antecedents.

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Learning to make a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort is known as

If parents change to less punitive parenting,their children's levels of aggression will

Regarding the use of punishment with children,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Brandon wants to cut down on smoking.So,he removes ashtrays,matches,and extra cigarettes from his house and office,keeping them only in the car.Of the strategies listed in your textbook for breaking a bad habit,Brandon is using the one involving

Peter is 12 years old and is about to be punished by his parents.According to the guidelines for punishment in the textbook,the parents should use

Billy's parents beg him not to smoke,but his parents smoke themselves.If Billy continues to smoke,he has been influenced by

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

The effects of modeling and imitation underlie

When trying to change a bad habit,if a person were to finally discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and then remove,avoid,or delay the reinforcement,we would say this person has utilized the technique known as

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics

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