Exam 3: Learning and Memory

________ refers to a relatively permanent change in behaviour that is caused by experience.

If a woman gets compliments after wearing Obsession perfume,she is more likely to keep buying the product and wearing it.What type of instrumental conditioning has occurred in the situation?

Which of the following occurs when a customer learns that two products are different even though the packages of both products look similar?

"It's time for the Christmas shopping list," thought Martha's mother,so she asked Martha for a quick list of her favourite perfumes.Martha gave her mother six names that were all her 'favourite.' This group constitutes Martha's ________ for perfume.

Define the terms 'learning' and 'incidental learning.'

Cognitive learning theory approaches stress the importance of internal mental processes.

John Deere established a reputation for building dependable farm tractors.When the company began to build small yard tractors,it insisted on using the same logo on its small mowers as on its large tractors.John Deere was applying stimulus generalisation through look-alike packaging.

Conditioning effects are more likely to occur after the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli have been paired a number of times.

A free recall test of a sample of potential customers would involve showing ads one at a time and asking each respondent if they had seen it before.

John wants to teach his dog to do tricks such as 'sit up,' 'roll over,' and 'fetch a stick.' By systematically rewarding his dog for responding in the correct way,John is able to accomplish great progress over a 30-day period.John was able to teach his dog using which of the following learning processes?

The ________ refers to the tendency people have to react to stimuli similar to an original stimulus in a classical conditioning situation in much the same way they responded to the original stimulus.

Jason heard an old but familiar song that reminded him of a summer in Austria when he was at university.As he thought more about his summer of the past,a flood of memories came rushing back.Describe what was happening to Jason in terms of memory markers.What specific term is used to describe the process whereby his memories came flooding back?

If a conditioned stimulus is only occasionally matched with an unconditioned stimulus,the association between the two will weaken.This is called ________.

Almost any technique that increases the novelty of a stimulus also improves recall of the stimulus.This result is called the ________.

What mechanism is used when a consumer learns to perform responses that produce positive outcomes?

Give a brief explanation of cognitive learning.

Herbal companies traditionally sold their products in cylinder-shaped plastic containers that were very characteristic of the herbal market.One company broke with tradition and began to sell its herbal products in bottles that appeared to be straight from the pharmacy's shelf.They were rectangular with white labels that looked very professional and very serious.Sales went through the roof.What form of stimulus generalisation seems to be working for the herbal company?

For modelling behaviour to occur during observational learning,four conditions must be met.What are those conditions? Be specific in your description.

Stimulus generalisation refers to ________.

Claudia Norman was a marketing consultant.She recommended that brand equity for a new environmentally-friendly product could be established by giving her initial customers free memberships in the Green Peace Organisation.Claudia used which of the following in her recommendation?