Question 1

A repressor is a molecule that represses biosynthesis of an mRNA transcript.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following do NOT bind to the promoter sequence during regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) activators 
B) inducers 
C) repressors 
D) activators,inducers,and repressors 
A) activators 
B) inducers 
C) repressors 
D) activators,inducers,and repressors

Question 3

Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by an enzyme called ________ which is involved in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) adenylate cyclase / catabolite repression 
B) adenylate cyclase / transcriptional activation 
C) cAMP receptor protein (CRP)synthase / catabolite repression 
D) cAMP receptor protein (CRP)synthase / transcriptional activation 
A) adenylate cyclase / catabolite repression 
B) adenylate cyclase / transcriptional activation 
C) cAMP receptor protein (CRP)synthase / catabolite repression 
D) cAMP receptor protein (CRP)synthase / transcriptional activation

Question 4

Transcriptomics is a common approach to infer which metabolic pathways are actively functioning,but which regulation process can MOST significantly complicate or even abolish conclusions from this approach?

Accepted Answer

A) activity of a catabolite repressor protein on multiple pathways 
B) antisense RNA silencing 
C) feedback inhibition with allosteric proteins 
D) presence of corepressors and inducers which are molecules undetected by transcriptomics 
A) activity of a catabolite repressor protein on multiple pathways 
B) antisense RNA silencing 
C) feedback inhibition with allosteric proteins 
D) presence of corepressors and inducers which are molecules undetected by transcriptomics

Question 5

What is the difference between an operator and a promoter?

Accepted Answer

A promoter sequence is found upstream of

Question 6

Once cytoplasmic sensor proteins involved in chemotaxis regulation are phosphorylated,a cascade of other phosphate-transferring mechanisms provide ATP energy to rotate flagella.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Enzyme induction occurs

Accepted Answer

A) when the substrate is present. 
B) when the organism is environmentally stressed. 
C) continuously. 
D) when the substrate is depleted. 
A) when the substrate is present. 
B) when the organism is environmentally stressed. 
C) continuously. 
D) when the substrate is depleted.

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms leads to INCREASED transcriptional activity?

Accepted Answer

A) An sRNA binds to the ribosome binding site. 
B) Ribonuclease activity is blocked by sRNA complementary binding to the end of a transcript. 
C) The ribosome binding site is made available from sRNA binding to part of it. 
D) Recruitment of RNA polymerase is enhanced when sRNA binds to and removes a repressor. 
A) An sRNA binds to the ribosome binding site. 
B) Ribonuclease activity is blocked by sRNA complementary binding to the end of a transcript. 
C) The ribosome binding site is made available from sRNA binding to part of it. 
D) Recruitment of RNA polymerase is enhanced when sRNA binds to and removes a repressor.

Question 9

An organism grown in a high nutrient liquid broth to high turbidity always appears to produce a blue pigment and even when a large inoculum is transferred to a nutrient rich agar plate it appears blue.When the researcher noticed it never appears blue when very small colonies were grown in low nutrient agar plates.What is the most plausible conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Large populations enabled the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells that created the blue pigment. 
B) Only high nutrient conditions provide enough energy for cells to produce this secondary metabolite that appears blue. 
C) The blue pigment production is linked to quorum sensing. 
D) The strong gradient from very high to low nutrient bioavailability induces production of the blue metabolite. 
A) Large populations enabled the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells that created the blue pigment. 
B) Only high nutrient conditions provide enough energy for cells to produce this secondary metabolite that appears blue. 
C) The blue pigment production is linked to quorum sensing. 
D) The strong gradient from very high to low nutrient bioavailability induces production of the blue metabolite.

Question 10

Which enzyme would be BEST to include in a protein extract to refold and denature improperly folded proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) DnaK 
B) RepA 
C) RpoH 
D) Spo0A 
A) DnaK 
B) RepA 
C) RpoH 
D) Spo0A

Question 11

What type of sRNA often requires a chaperon protein for strong regulation activity?

Accepted Answer

A) antisense RNA 
B) riboswitches 
C) siRNA 
D) trans-sRNA 
A) antisense RNA 
B) riboswitches 
C) siRNA 
D) trans-sRNA

Question 12

The promoters of positively controlled operons require activator proteins,because

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase easily recognizes the consensus sequence. 
B) they are required to inactivate the repressor proteins. 
C) the promoters have nucleotide sequences that bind RNA polymerase weakly,which are not close matches to the consensus sequence. 
D) they are needed to bind to the allosteric site of RNA polymerase. 
A) RNA polymerase easily recognizes the consensus sequence. 
B) they are required to inactivate the repressor proteins. 
C) the promoters have nucleotide sequences that bind RNA polymerase weakly,which are not close matches to the consensus sequence. 
D) they are needed to bind to the allosteric site of RNA polymerase.

Question 13

What occurs when an inducer is added to an environment containing an organism with a metabolic pathway controlled by a repressor?

Accepted Answer

A) The inducer combines with the repressor and activates the pathway. 
B) The inducer combines with the repressor and inactivates the pathway. 
C) The inducer combines with the substrate and blocks induction. 
D) The inducer does not combine with,but functions as a chaperone molecule for,the enzyme-substrate complex. 
A) The inducer combines with the repressor and activates the pathway. 
B) The inducer combines with the repressor and inactivates the pathway. 
C) The inducer combines with the substrate and blocks induction. 
D) The inducer does not combine with,but functions as a chaperone molecule for,the enzyme-substrate complex.

Question 14

Compare and contrast chemical,spatial,and temporal gradients as found in bacterial regulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria cannot sense spatial gradients

Question 15

Which statement is TRUE of two separate regulators controlling one individual operon?

Accepted Answer

A) The two regulators themselves must respond to different signals,which enables both to control the operon differently. 
B) One regulator will likely control the transcription of one section of the operon,whereas the other regulator will control the other component. 
C) One regulator will bind to the operator region whereas the other will bind to the promoter region so they can co-occur and co-regulate the operon. 
D) Two regulators trying to control the same operon will likely result in only one being maintained after several generations. 
A) The two regulators themselves must respond to different signals,which enables both to control the operon differently. 
B) One regulator will likely control the transcription of one section of the operon,whereas the other regulator will control the other component. 
C) One regulator will bind to the operator region whereas the other will bind to the promoter region so they can co-occur and co-regulate the operon. 
D) Two regulators trying to control the same operon will likely result in only one being maintained after several generations.

Question 16

In negative control of transcription,how does the presence of an inducer affect transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) The inducer binds to the operator. 
B) The inducer does not bind to the operator. 
C) The inducer causes the repressor to bind to the operator. 
D) The inducer prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. 
A) The inducer binds to the operator. 
B) The inducer does not bind to the operator. 
C) The inducer causes the repressor to bind to the operator. 
D) The inducer prevents the repressor from binding to the operator.

Question 17

How is the activity of a riboswitch controlled?

Accepted Answer

A) by other riboswitches 
B) metabolite binding can change its structure 
C) sigma factor binding alters its structure 
D) small RNA complementary binding disrupts its function 
A) by other riboswitches 
B) metabolite binding can change its structure 
C) sigma factor binding alters its structure 
D) small RNA complementary binding disrupts its function

Question 18

To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be ________ methylated to initiate a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) fully / run 
B) fully / tumble 
C) not / run 
D) not / tumble 
A) fully / run 
B) fully / tumble 
C) not / run 
D) not / tumble

Question 19

A protein region with a specific function and structure is called a

Accepted Answer

A) conserved site. 
B) domain. 
C) locale. 
D) motif. 
A) conserved site. 
B) domain. 
C) locale. 
D) motif.

Question 20

When the nontemplate strand of a gene is transcribed into RNA,what is likely to result?

Accepted Answer

A) A complementary sRNA will bind to it and form a functional ribozyme with secondary structure. 
B) It will complementary bind to the gene sequence,form a hairpin loop,and transcriptionally repress the gene. 
C) The complementary mRNA also transcribed from the template strand will bind to it and halt its translation. 
D) A global regulator will identify this as a stress,respond by inducing ribonuclease production,and it will degraded. 
A) A complementary sRNA will bind to it and form a functional ribozyme with secondary structure. 
B) It will complementary bind to the gene sequence,form a hairpin loop,and transcriptionally repress the gene. 
C) The complementary mRNA also transcribed from the template strand will bind to it and halt its translation. 
D) A global regulator will identify this as a stress,respond by inducing ribonuclease production,and it will degraded.

Exam 7: Metabolic Regulation

A repressor is a molecule that represses biosynthesis of an mRNA transcript.

Which of the following do NOT bind to the promoter sequence during regulation?

Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by an enzyme called ________ which is involved in ________.

Transcriptomics is a common approach to infer which metabolic pathways are actively functioning,but which regulation process can MOST significantly complicate or even abolish conclusions from this approach?

What is the difference between an operator and a promoter?

Once cytoplasmic sensor proteins involved in chemotaxis regulation are phosphorylated,a cascade of other phosphate-transferring mechanisms provide ATP energy to rotate flagella.

Enzyme induction occurs

Which of the following mechanisms leads to INCREASED transcriptional activity?

Which enzyme would be BEST to include in a protein extract to refold and denature improperly folded proteins?

What type of sRNA often requires a chaperon protein for strong regulation activity?

The promoters of positively controlled operons require activator proteins,because

What occurs when an inducer is added to an environment containing an organism with a metabolic pathway controlled by a repressor?

Compare and contrast chemical,spatial,and temporal gradients as found in bacterial regulatory systems.

Which statement is TRUE of two separate regulators controlling one individual operon?

In negative control of transcription,how does the presence of an inducer affect transcription?

How is the activity of a riboswitch controlled?

To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be ________ methylated to initiate a ________.

A protein region with a specific function and structure is called a

When the nontemplate strand of a gene is transcribed into RNA,what is likely to result?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Cyclic AMP is synthesized from ATP by an enzyme called which is involved in .

To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be methylated to initiate a .