Question 1

Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulation of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 2

Which type of regulatory protein(s)is/are present in Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A) Activators that stimulate RNA polymerase activity are present in Archaea. 
B) Repressors that block RNA polymerase activity are present in Archaea. 
C) Both activators and repressors are present in Archaea. 
D) Similar to regulation in Eukarya,Archaea lack bacterial-like regulators such as activators and repressors and use transcription factors instead. 
A) Activators that stimulate RNA polymerase activity are present in Archaea. 
B) Repressors that block RNA polymerase activity are present in Archaea. 
C) Both activators and repressors are present in Archaea. 
D) Similar to regulation in Eukarya,Archaea lack bacterial-like regulators such as activators and repressors and use transcription factors instead.

Question 3

Illustrate and explain an operon that is subject to both positive and negative control containing the operator region,the operon,the promoter,the activator binding site,and the functional genes in a DNA sequence.Also compare and contrast the roles activators and repressors have in regulating the illustrated operon.

Accepted Answer

A combination of Figure 7.8 in the textb

Question 4

During a growth curve of Aliivibrio fischeri,when would you expect to see the strongest bioluminescence?

Accepted Answer

A) lag phase 
B) early to middle log phase 
C) late log to early stationary phase 
D) middle to late stationary phase 
A) lag phase 
B) early to middle log phase 
C) late log to early stationary phase 
D) middle to late stationary phase

Question 5

How is transcription in Archaea controlled?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have mechanisms to control trans

Question 6

How is the leucine zipper formed,and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

The leucine zipper is a specific domain,

Question 7

Post-translational regulation of an enzyme's activity,such as glutamine synthetase,can be finely controlled at varied levels due to

Accepted Answer

A) the varied strengths metabolite-regulating compounds can have with the enzyme such as hydrogen bonding,covalent bonding,and van der Waals attractions. 
B) having multiple independently functional subunits. 
C) the structural strength enzymes have once properly folded compared to short-lived and easily degradable transcripts during translational regulation. 
D) weak chemical modifications of the enzyme rather than harsh protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. 
A) the varied strengths metabolite-regulating compounds can have with the enzyme such as hydrogen bonding,covalent bonding,and van der Waals attractions. 
B) having multiple independently functional subunits. 
C) the structural strength enzymes have once properly folded compared to short-lived and easily degradable transcripts during translational regulation. 
D) weak chemical modifications of the enzyme rather than harsh protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions.

Question 8

Explain why regulation of enzyme synthesis is more time consuming than regulation of enzymatic activity.

Accepted Answer

Regulating enzyme synthesis requires eit

Question 9

Heat shock proteins are produced at high numbers to minimize damaging effects during high heat conditions as well as other stress signals unrelated to heat such as ultraviolet radiation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes an acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt

Accepted Answer

A) attenuation. 
B) chemotaxis. 
C) endospore formation. 
D) quorum sensing. 
A) attenuation. 
B) chemotaxis. 
C) endospore formation. 
D) quorum sensing.

Question 11

Transcriptional regulators bind most frequently at the ________ site of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) major groove 
B) minor groove 
C) histone complex 
D) primary supercoil 
A) major groove 
B) minor groove 
C) histone complex 
D) primary supercoil

Question 12

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that riboswitches are remnants of the RNA world when catalytic RNAs were the only self-replicating life forms.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but one focus could be

Question 13

Based on our understanding of the early stages of life,________ is/are thought to be one of the earliest forms of metabolic regulation that evolved.

Accepted Answer

A) attenuation 
B) feedback inhibition 
C) riboswitches 
D) transcription factors 
A) attenuation 
B) feedback inhibition 
C) riboswitches 
D) transcription factors

Question 14

How would you design an sRNA to bind to a sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) select six continuous nucleotides from the sequence 
B) take the complementary sequence of six continuous nucleotides 
C) select 200 continuous nucleotides from the sequence 
D) take the complementary sequence of 200 continuous nucleotides 
A) select six continuous nucleotides from the sequence 
B) take the complementary sequence of six continuous nucleotides 
C) select 200 continuous nucleotides from the sequence 
D) take the complementary sequence of 200 continuous nucleotides

Question 15

Bacteria from the genus Caulobacter are used to model cellular differentiation in eukaryotes.The abundance of CtrA,DnaA,and GcrA separately control activity of other genes necessary for differentiation in Caulobacter.Thus,these three proteins can be classified as

Accepted Answer

A) activating sensors. 
B) heterologous regulators. 
C) differentiating regulons. 
D) transcriptional regulators. 
A) activating sensors. 
B) heterologous regulators. 
C) differentiating regulons. 
D) transcriptional regulators.

Question 16

DNA-binding proteins typically affect translation of a protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Using the tryptophan operon as a model,explain a transcription pause site and the formation of a stem-loop.

Accepted Answer

A pause in mRNA transcription occurs whe

Question 18

Multiple mechanisms for small RNA (sRNA)-mediated translational regulation exist but all are unified by inactivating protein synthesis of the target mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A cocktail of 30 compounds was identified to harbor a corepressor,and subsequent separation and purification was performed to test individual compounds.Describe an experiment that would enable you to identify the specific compound that acts as a corepressor for a catabolic pathway.Be certain to explain what will be measured and how you could conclude which compound is a corepressor.

Accepted Answer

Experimental designs will vary,especiall

Question 20

Short regions at the beginning and end of gene sequences are not translated into proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Metabolic Regulation

Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulation of gene expression.

Which type of regulatory protein(s)is/are present in Archaea?

During a growth curve of Aliivibrio fischeri,when would you expect to see the strongest bioluminescence?

How is transcription in Archaea controlled?

How is the leucine zipper formed,and what is its function?

Post-translational regulation of an enzyme's activity,such as glutamine synthetase,can be finely controlled at varied levels due to

Explain why regulation of enzyme synthesis is more time consuming than regulation of enzymatic activity.

Heat shock proteins are produced at high numbers to minimize damaging effects during high heat conditions as well as other stress signals unrelated to heat such as ultraviolet radiation.

A bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes an acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt

Transcriptional regulators bind most frequently at the ________ site of DNA.

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that riboswitches are remnants of the RNA world when catalytic RNAs were the only self-replicating life forms.

Based on our understanding of the early stages of life,________ is/are thought to be one of the earliest forms of metabolic regulation that evolved.

How would you design an sRNA to bind to a sequence?

Bacteria from the genus Caulobacter are used to model cellular differentiation in eukaryotes.The abundance of CtrA,DnaA,and GcrA separately control activity of other genes necessary for differentiation in Caulobacter.Thus,these three proteins can be classified as

DNA-binding proteins typically affect translation of a protein.

Using the tryptophan operon as a model,explain a transcription pause site and the formation of a stem-loop.

Multiple mechanisms for small RNA (sRNA)-mediated translational regulation exist but all are unified by inactivating protein synthesis of the target mRNA.

Short regions at the beginning and end of gene sequences are not translated into proteins.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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