Question 1

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) X-inactivation 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Maternal inheritance 
D) Extra nuclear inheritance 
E) All of the answers are correct 
A) X-inactivation 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Maternal inheritance 
D) Extra nuclear inheritance 
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 2

It is possible that the effects of the association of the ICR and DMR regions with the CTC factors could be distance dependent. An experimental outline could be devised where the effects of the distances of these regions could be varied and the rates of transcription could be measured. Below is a graph of some possible results. Which letter represents the most likely outcome if an increase in distance between these two regions results in a diminished effect on transcription rates?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 3

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

Accepted Answer

A) Acetylation 
B) Nitration 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Methylation 
A) Acetylation 
B) Nitration 
C) Phosphorylation 
D) Methylation

Question 4

Which of the following are molecular mechanisms used in epigentic gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylation 
B)  Covalent histone modification 
C)  Chromatin remodeling 
D)  All are correct 
A)  DNA methylation 
B)  Covalent histone modification 
C)  Chromatin remodeling 
D)  All are correct

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression of the Igf-2 gene based on methylation of the ICR and DMR regions 
B)  Inheritance of flower color as studied by Mendel 
C)  Leaf coloration based on mitochondrial inheritance 
D)  Snail shell twist patterns 
A)  Expression of the Igf-2 gene based on methylation of the ICR and DMR regions 
B)  Inheritance of flower color as studied by Mendel 
C)  Leaf coloration based on mitochondrial inheritance 
D)  Snail shell twist patterns

Question 6

Which of the following is part of the process of X chromosome inactivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression of Xist from both chromosomes at the start of the process 
B)  Binding of multiple Xist transcripts to Xic on the X chromosome that will be inactivated 
C)  Compaction of the active X chromosme into a Barr body 
D)  Binding of Tsix transcripts to the X chromosome to be inactivated after the Xist transcripts binds to Xic 
A)  Expression of Xist from both chromosomes at the start of the process 
B)  Binding of multiple Xist transcripts to Xic on the X chromosome that will be inactivated 
C)  Compaction of the active X chromosme into a Barr body 
D)  Binding of Tsix transcripts to the X chromosome to be inactivated after the Xist transcripts binds to Xic

Question 7

The most likely explanation for the phenomenon where a protein may be found in different sub-cellular locations in different cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilization of the mRNA transcript 
B)  alternative splicing 
C)  RNA interference 
D)  transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm 
A)  stabilization of the mRNA transcript 
B)  alternative splicing 
C)  RNA interference 
D)  transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 8

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) None of the answers are correct 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 9

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

Accepted Answer

A) Xic 
B) Xist 
C) Tsix 
D) Xce 
A) Xic 
B) Xist 
C) Tsix 
D) Xce

Question 10

In the presence of abundant iron in the cell, the iron binds IRP. The complex then binds to the IREs and

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in ferritin mRNA translation and a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability. 
B)  a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA translation and an increase in ferritin mRNA stability. 
C)  an increase in ferritin and transferrin receptor mRNA translation. 
D)  an increase in ferritin and transferrin receptor gene transcription. 
A)  an increase in ferritin mRNA translation and a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA stability. 
B)  a decrease in transferrin receptor mRNA translation and an increase in ferritin mRNA stability. 
C)  an increase in ferritin and transferrin receptor mRNA translation. 
D)  an increase in ferritin and transferrin receptor gene transcription.

Question 11

If a cell is fused with another cell, which of the following would be the best example of a trans-mechanism of epigenetic control?

Accepted Answer

A) A gene that is originally silenced in one cell but expressed in the other is silenced in the hybrid 
B) A gene that is originally silenced in one cell but expressed in the other is still expressed in the hybrid. 
C) The methylation pattern of the same gene from either cell is not altered 
D) There are no examples that could conform to a trans-mechanism 
A) A gene that is originally silenced in one cell but expressed in the other is silenced in the hybrid 
B) A gene that is originally silenced in one cell but expressed in the other is still expressed in the hybrid. 
C) The methylation pattern of the same gene from either cell is not altered 
D) There are no examples that could conform to a trans-mechanism

Question 12

Which of the following statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Changes in gene expression based on environmental conditions are not considered normal while developmental changes are 
B) Environmental epigenetic changes can vary due to the exposure of the organism to different environmental conditions, while those programmed during development are the result of stimuli generated by the organism itself 
C) Environmental epigenetic gene regulation only occurs in reptiles and insects, while developmental epigenetic regulation occurs in all animals 
D) Environmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically reversible while developmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically not reversible. 
A) Changes in gene expression based on environmental conditions are not considered normal while developmental changes are 
B) Environmental epigenetic changes can vary due to the exposure of the organism to different environmental conditions, while those programmed during development are the result of stimuli generated by the organism itself 
C) Environmental epigenetic gene regulation only occurs in reptiles and insects, while developmental epigenetic regulation occurs in all animals 
D) Environmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically reversible while developmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically not reversible.

Question 13

The Lyon hypothesis attempts to explain the molecular mechanism of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) X-inactivation 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Maternal inheritance 
D) Extra nuclear inheritance 
A) X-inactivation 
B) Genomic imprinting 
C) Maternal inheritance 
D) Extra nuclear inheritance

Question 14

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?

Accepted Answer

A) Paternal, paternal 
B) Paternal, maternal 
C) Maternal, paternal 
D) Maternal, maternal 
A) Paternal, paternal 
B) Paternal, maternal 
C) Maternal, paternal 
D) Maternal, maternal

Question 15

In cancer cells one allele of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated so that the protein is inactive, not produced, or deleted. The other allele will usually have a normal sequence and the promoter remains intact but the gene is not expressed. Sequencing with sodium bisulfite modification of DNA can be used to detect which cytosines are methylated. If the cancer cell DNA is sequenced what would be the anticipated results?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytosines in or near the promoter region will be methylated 
B) Cytosines in or near the promoter will not be methylated 
C) Cytosines in the coding region will have an increased mehtylation 
D) There will be no differences in the methylation pattern of the promoter of p53 from a cancer cell and a normal cell 
A) Cytosines in or near the promoter region will be methylated 
B) Cytosines in or near the promoter will not be methylated 
C) Cytosines in the coding region will have an increased mehtylation 
D) There will be no differences in the methylation pattern of the promoter of p53 from a cancer cell and a normal cell

Question 16

Which of the following can control mRNA stability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The stop codon that is used to terminate translation in the mRNA 
B)  AU rich elements in the mRNA 
C)  distance of the stop codon to the polyA tail 
D)  number of A's in polyA tail 
A)  The stop codon that is used to terminate translation in the mRNA 
B)  AU rich elements in the mRNA 
C)  distance of the stop codon to the polyA tail 
D)  number of A's in polyA tail

Exam 16: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes II: Epigenetics and Regulation at the RNA Level

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

What is the molecular mechanism for imprinting a gene?

Which of the following are molecular mechanisms used in epigentic gene regulation?

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic inheritance?

Which of the following is part of the process of X chromosome inactivation?

The most likely explanation for the phenomenon where a protein may be found in different sub-cellular locations in different cells is

How many Barr bodies would an individual with a XXY genotype possess?

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

In the presence of abundant iron in the cell, the iron binds IRP. The complex then binds to the IREs and

If a cell is fused with another cell, which of the following would be the best example of a trans-mechanism of epigenetic control?

Which of the following statements are correct?

The Lyon hypothesis attempts to explain the molecular mechanism of _____.

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?

Which of the following can control mRNA stability?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

DNA Replication

Gene Transcription and RNA Modification

Translation of MRNA

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional Regulation

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination and Transposition at the Molecular Level

DNA Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of DNA

Genomics II: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

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