Exam 13: Chemical Equilibrium

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Consider the statement, "At equilibrium, a reaction has proceeded as far as it will go, and no further reaction will be observed." a. From a macroscopic viewpoint, is this statement correct ? Explain your answer. b. From a nanoscale viewpoint, is this statement correct? Explain your answer.

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a. Partially. It is right that the system will be apparently unchanging to a casual inspection once equilibrium is attained. However, macroscopic observation cannot determine if reaction has proceeded "as far as it will go"-which implies that it has stopped. Infact, it has not.

b. No. The reaction (in both directions) wil be observed to continue. However the rates in the two directions are equal, which explains the macroscopic observation of Part a.

Consider the reaction Consider the reaction   At equilibrium, [CO] = 4.14 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M; [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = 4.14 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M; and [COCl<sub>2</sub>] = 0.0627 M. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, K<sub>c</sub>. At equilibrium, [CO] = 4.14 × 10-6 M; [Cl2] = 4.14 × 10-6 M; and [COCl2] = 0.0627 M. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc.

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A

Consider the reaction Consider the reaction   Consider an equilibrium mixture of these substances. If the pressure is increased by compressing the mixture, equilibrium will ____; if pressure is increased by adding an inert gas to the mixture, equilibrium will ____. Consider an equilibrium mixture of these substances. If the pressure is increased by compressing the mixture, equilibrium will ____; if pressure is increased by adding an inert gas to the mixture, equilibrium will ____.

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C

As the temperature is increased, which kinds of reactions become more product-favored?

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An endothermic reaction which results in an increase in moles of gas will be most product-favored under conditions of ____ pressure and ____ temperature.

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If the value of Kc for a given reaction at a given temperature is a small number, the energy of the products is likely to be ____ the energy of the reactants because ____.

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To decide whether a reaction mixture is at equilibrium, a student determines the value of Q, the reaction quotient, and finds that it is less than K. Therefore, the mixture is

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Terms relating to certain types of substances are conventionally omitted from equilibrium constant expressions. These substances are

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Consider the equilibrium reaction Consider the equilibrium reaction   In a particular experiment, the equilibrium concentration of N<sub>2</sub> is 0.048 M, of O<sub>2</sub>, 0.093 M, and of N<sub>2</sub>O, 6.55 × 10<sup>-21</sup> M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant K<sub>c</sub>? In a particular experiment, the equilibrium concentration of N2 is 0.048 M, of O2, 0.093 M, and of N2O, 6.55 × 10-21 M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant Kc?

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction The equilibrium constant for the reaction   has a value of K<sub>c</sub> = 1.23 at a certain temperature. What is the value of K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction:  has a value of Kc = 1.23 at a certain temperature. What is the value of Kc for the reaction: The equilibrium constant for the reaction   has a value of K<sub>c</sub> = 1.23 at a certain temperature. What is the value of K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction:

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Consider the exothermic reaction at equilibrium: Consider the exothermic reaction at equilibrium:   If the system is cooled, the equilibrium will ____, because ____. If the system is cooled, the equilibrium will ____, because ____.

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Consider the reaction Consider the reaction   If an equilibrium mixture of these three substances is compressed, equilibrium will ____, because ____. If an equilibrium mixture of these three substances is compressed, equilibrium will ____, because ____.

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Considering only the probability factor in the gas-phase reaction C Considering only the probability factor in the gas-phase reaction C   2 A + B, ____ side is favored because ____. 2 A + B, ____ side is favored because ____.

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The concentration equilibrium constant, Kc, and the pressure equilibrium constant, Kp, are related by the expression

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In predicting which side of an equilibrium is more favored, the factor concerned with probability is called

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Consider the reaction Consider the reaction   If the partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of H<sub>2</sub>, Br<sub>2</sub>, and HBr are 0.024 atm, 0.031 atm, and 5.07 atm, respectively, the value of K<sub>p</sub> for this reaction at this temperature is If the partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of H2, Br2, and HBr are 0.024 atm, 0.031 atm, and 5.07 atm, respectively, the value of Kp for this reaction at this temperature is

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Consider the endothermic reaction Consider the endothermic reaction   If such a system at equilibrium is heated, equilibrium will ____, because ____. If such a system at equilibrium is heated, equilibrium will ____, because ____.

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Consider the equilibrium system Consider the equilibrium system   If more C(s) is added, the equilibrium will ____; if CO is removed the equilibrium will ____. If more C(s) is added, the equilibrium will ____; if CO is removed the equilibrium will ____.

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The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction shown below is The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction shown below is

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The equilibrium constant for a reaction is related to the rate constants for the reaction as follows:

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